Sociodemographic characteristics for the study population, according to the number of chronic conditions.

Sociodemographic characteristics for the study population, according to the number of chronic conditions.</p

Prediction performance measures.

Prediction performance measures.</p

Prevalence and cooccurrence of chronic conditions.

a) Prevalence of chronic conditions (light gray + dark gray), occurring jointly with other conditions (light gray) and occurring without any condition (dark gray); b) Prevalence of y-axis comorbidities among participants who have x-axis conditions; common mental–common mental disorder.</p

S1 Appendix -

(PDF)</p

Performance of multilabel classifiers according to the number of features.

MTV- multivariate; RF-Random Forest; CC- Classifier Chain; SVM- Support Vector Machine; BR- Binary Relevance; DBR- Dependent Binary Relevance.</p

Average variable importance for the first top 15 features using multivariate random forest.

BP-Blood Pressure; BMI-Body Mass Index.</p

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and eight-year risk of death from all causes and noncommunicable diseases in the ELSA-Brasil cohort

Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with higher incidences of many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and death from all causes. However, the association between UPF and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains controversial. Our study investigated whether UPF consumption is associated with a higher risk of death from all causes, NCDs, and CVD. This study includes 14,747 participants from the ELSA-Brasil cohort followed up over an eight-year period. The NOVA classification was used to estimate the proportion of UPF (grams/day) in one’s diet. Cox regression was also applied. After adjustment for sociodemographic, health, and behavioural factors, a 10% increase in UPF in participants’ diets raised the risk of death from all causes and NCDs by 10% (95%CI: 1.01-1.19) and 11% (95%CI:1.02-1.21), respectively. However, UPF consumption was not associated with CVD mortality. The findings support public policies aimed at reducing UPF consumption in an attempt to reduce the NCD burden.</p