Effect of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Talisia esculenta and Sapindus saponaria on fall armyworm

The effect of aqueous extracts of Talisia esculenta (T.E.) and Sapindus saponaria (S.S.), were evaluated on the development and mortality of 8-14th day-life Spodoptera frugiperda, an important pest of maize. Corn leaves were dipped in the aqueous extracts (1% w/v) and offered as food to the caterpillars. The treated corn leaves with the extracts caused larval mortality (26.71%/T.E.; 63.3%/S.S.) and also showed effect on the larval weight (237.50 mg/T.E.; 86.65 mg/S.S.) when compared with the control (11.3% and 293.45 mg), mortality and larval weight, respectively. The electrophoresis with gelatin (0.1%) showed two very clear white areas (trypsin activity) in the caterpillars midgut of all the treatments. Only the caterpillar treated with S. saponaria presented significant differences, showing trypsin activity (10.59%). Sapindus saponaria appeared better than Talisia esculenta and showed good potential to be used as control agent for S. frugiperda.Este estudo procurou avaliar o potencial inseticida dos extratos aquosos de sementes de Talisia esculenta (St. Hil.) Radlk (Pitombal) e Sapindus saponaria L. (Saboneteira), ambas da família Sapindaceae, sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), importante praga da lavoura de milho. As folhas de milho foram imersas nos tratamentos com extratos aquosos (1% p/v) e oferecidas como alimento para as lagartas. Os resultados do período larval tais como mortalidade e peso médio foram respectivamente: para S. saponaria 63,15%, 86,65 mg; para T. esculenta 26,71%, 237,50 mg e para o controle 11,3%, 293,45 mg. A eletroforese com gelatina 0,1% mostrou duas regiões brancas muito nítidas (atividade tríptica) no intestino médio das lagartas de todos os tratamentos. Somente as lagartas do tratamento S. saponaria, apresentaram diferenças significativas, com uma atividade tríptica 10,59% menor

Influência da temperatura de secagem sobre o rendimento e a composição química do óleo essencial de Tanaecium nocturnum (barb. Rodr.) bur. & K. Shum

The yields and chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by steam distillation of the fresh and dried (30 and 40 ºC) leaves, stems and roots of Tanaecium nocturnum are reported. The identification and quantification of the volatile constituents were accomplished by GC/MS and GC/FID, respectively. The essential oils obtained from the various parts of the plant were constituted mainly of benzaldehyde. Large losses and variations in the quantities of the components during the drying process were observed. The presence of mandelonitrile in higher concentration in the stem and roots indicates that this species produces cyanogenic glycosides