La Petite presse : journal quotidien... / [rédacteur en chef : Balathier Bragelonne]

30 décembre 18841884/12/30 (A18,N6811)

Additional file 1 of Selective gene expression profiling contributes to a better understanding of the molecular pathways underlying the histological changes observed after RHMVL

Additional file 1: List of gene primers

Additional file 2 of Selective gene expression profiling contributes to a better understanding of the molecular pathways underlying the histological changes observed after RHMVL

Additional file 2: List of all normalized gene expression data

Example boxplot for <i>Foxo1</i> in DS2.

<p>Left: Log2-fold differential expression of the gene <i>Foxo1</i> in DS2. Conditions are 0h, 24h, 48h and 72 h. Right: Variance-mean plot showing the mean over the standard deviation per condition for <i>Foxo1</i>.</p

Distribution of raw data and residuals in reference genes in DS3.

<p>Density plot of raw data (a) and residuals of LEM-method (b) of reference genes in DS3. Blue: kernel density estimation of raw data/residuals. Red: estimated Student-t distribution. (c) Quantile-Quantile plot with quantiles of estimated Student-t distribution versus quantiles of residuals.</p

Technical and biological variances over mean value per gene.

<p><b>(a)</b> Standard deviation of <i>C</i>_<i>t</i> value of each gene and well over the mean <i>C</i>_<i>t</i> value for data set 1 (DS1). Each gene is measured six times per biological replicate (3× cDNA and 2× PCR per cDNA). The regression line shows that the standard deviation increases with the <i>C</i>_<i>t</i> values (lower mRNA content). <b>(b)</b> Standard deviation of biological replicates over the mean <i>C</i>_<i>t</i> value for DS1. The mean of all six technical replicates is computed per biological replicate and gene. The standard deviation of these means is computed with 4 biological replicates for each gene. The biological variance is higher under treated conditions compared to the control conditions.</p

Contribution of biological variance, cDNA conversion error and qPCR error to the overall variance for data set 1.

<p>Proportions of variance contribution are estimated from raw data <b>(a)</b> and from residuals of LEMming <b>(b)</b>. Blue boxplots are measurements of the control group, red boxplots are measurements of WY14,643 treated cells.</p

Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors

Impaired wound healing is one of the main risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus. Few options are available to treat diabetic wounds, and therefore efficient remedies are urgently needed. An interesting option might be an extract of birch bark (TE) that has been clinically proven to accelerate acute wound healing. We investigated the effects of TE and its main components betulin and lupeol in cultured normal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts from diabetic and nondiabetic donors. These <i>in vitro</i> models can provide insights into possible beneficial effects in wound healing. TE and betulin treatment led to increased mRNA levels of chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mediators important in wound healing, e.g., IL-6, TNFα, IL-8, and RANTES. We observed a pronounced upregulation of MIF, IL-8, and RANTES on the protein level. Furthermore, a shape change of the actin cytoskeleton was seen in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and the Rho-GTPases and p38-MAPK were found to be activated in keratinocytes. On the basis of our results, TE is worthy of further study as a potential option to influence wound-healing processes under diabetic conditions. These first insights need to be confirmed by clinical studies with diabetic patients

Raw data of common reference genes in data set 3.

<p>Boxplots of the untreated conditions are black, boxplots of treatment conditions (dedicated in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135852#pone.0135852.s004" target="_blank">S4 File</a>) that are not significant differentially expressed compared to untreated are blue and boxplots of treatments with significant differentially expressed measurements are red. Significance was calculated by an unpaired t-test with unequal variances and Bonferroni corrected significance level <i>α</i> = 0.05/48. Outliers are marked by red circles.</p

Cell fate dependent on initial levels of Fas and Bcl-2.

<p>Simulation results upon treatment with FasL (A) and IL-1β + FasL (B) for various initial levels of Fas and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-2) as representatives for variations at the level of DISC formation and MOMP induction, respectively. Nominal initial conditions are at 100% for both proteins and were varied ±10%. For caspase-3 levels above 1.5%, cells are classified as type I apoptotic (without cytochrome c release) or type II apoptotic (with cytochrome c release). The light blue colored fraction in (B) marks the conditions for cells that survive treatment with IL-1β + FasL, but die after single FasL stimulation (A).</p