Postoperative Profiles.

<p>Legend: Values provided as median (with range) or absolute numbers with percentage. Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were used to determine differences in overall survival between those who underwent gross total and subtotal resection, as well as survival differences in the adjuvant treatment group and length of stay parameters. NS = not significant (p > 0.05). ICU = intensive care unit. SNF = skilled nursing facility.</p><p>Postoperative Profiles.</p

Presenting symptoms and tumor characteristics.

<p>Presenting symptoms and tumor characteristics.</p

Survival curve by adjuvant therapy.

<p>* Denotes p < 0.05. Tx = treatment. Rad = radiation.</p

EGFR expression and survival.

<p>EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor. * Denotes p < 0.05.</p

Survival curve by KPS.

<p>Legend: KPS = Karnofsky Performance Scale. * Denotes p < 0.05.</p

Overall survival curve.

<p>Overall survival curve.</p

Immunohistochemical staining.

<p>Legend: EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor. IDH1 = isocitrate dehydrogenase. Ki index = Antigen Ki-67 index. EGFR (+) = positive staining for the epidermal growth factor receptor. EGFR (-) = no staining for the epidermal growth factor receptor was present. P53 (+) = presence of p53 immunohistochemical staining. P53 (wt)- wt = wild type. No immunohistochemical p53 staining was found. Total simple size for EGFR was 47 patients. Total simple size for P53 staining was 31. IDH1 staining was available in 22 patients. Ki index was available in 34 patients.</p><p>Immunohistochemical staining.</p

Demographics.

<p>Legend: Legend: Values provided as mean (with range) or absolute number with percentage. Student’s t-tests were utilized to analyze the differences between basic demographics, and multiple analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences between multiple groups. PE = pulmonary embolism. DVT = deep vein thrombosis. KPS = Karnofsky Performance Scale</p><p>Demographics.</p

Consensus disease definitions for neurologic immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Expanding the US Food and Drug Administration-approved indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer has resulted in therapeutic success and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Neurologic irAEs (irAE-Ns) have an incidence of 1%-12% and a high fatality rate relative to other irAEs. Lack of standardized disease definitions and accurate phenotyping leads to syndrome misclassification and impedes development of evidence-based treatments and translational research. The objective of this study was to develop consensus guidance for an approach to irAE-Ns including disease definitions and severity grading. A working group of four neurologists drafted irAE-N consensus guidance and definitions, which were reviewed by the multidisciplinary Neuro irAE Disease Definition Panel including oncologists and irAE experts. A modified Delphi consensus process was used, with two rounds of anonymous ratings by panelists and two meetings to discuss areas of controversy. Panelists rated content for usability, appropriateness and accuracy on 9-point scales in electronic surveys and provided free text comments. Aggregated survey responses were incorporated into revised definitions. Consensus was based on numeric ratings using the RAND/University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Appropriateness Method with prespecified definitions. 27 panelists from 15 academic medical centers voted on a total of 53 rating scales (6 general guidance, 24 central and 18 peripheral nervous system disease definition components, 3 severity criteria and 2 clinical trial adjudication statements); of these, 77% (41/53) received first round consensus. After revisions, all items received second round consensus. Consensus definitions were achieved for seven core disorders: irMeningitis, irEncephalitis, irDemyelinating disease, irVasculitis, irNeuropathy, irNeuromuscular junction disorders and irMyopathy. For each disorder, six descriptors of diagnostic components are used: disease subtype, diagnostic certainty, severity, autoantibody association, exacerbation of pre-existing disease or de novo presentation, and presence or absence of concurrent irAE(s). These disease definitions standardize irAE-N classification. Diagnostic certainty is not always directly linked to certainty to treat as an irAE-N (ie, one might treat events in the probable or possible category). Given consensus on accuracy and usability from a representative panel group, we anticipate that the definitions will be used broadly across clinical and research settings

NIH RECOVER tissue pathology CNS MRI protocol.

ImportanceSARS-CoV-2 infection can result in ongoing, relapsing, or new symptoms or organ dysfunction after the acute phase of infection, termed Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or long COVID. The characteristics, prevalence, trajectory and mechanisms of PASC are poorly understood. The objectives of the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) tissue pathology study (RECOVER-Pathology) are to: (1) characterize prevalence and types of organ injury/disease and pathology occurring with PASC; (2) characterize the association of pathologic findings with clinical and other characteristics; (3) define the pathophysiology and mechanisms of PASC, and possible mediation via viral persistence; and (4) establish a post-mortem tissue biobank and post-mortem brain imaging biorepository.MethodsRECOVER-Pathology is a cross-sectional study of decedents dying at least 15 days following initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eligible decedents must meet WHO criteria for suspected, probable, or confirmed infection and must be aged 18 years or more at the time of death. Enrollment occurs at 7 sites in four U.S. states and Washington, DC. Comprehensive autopsies are conducted according to a standardized protocol within 24 hours of death; tissue samples are sent to the PASC Biorepository for later analyses. Data on clinical history are collected from the medical records and/or next of kin. The primary study outcomes include an array of pathologic features organized by organ system. Causal inference methods will be employed to investigate associations between risk factors and pathologic outcomes.DiscussionRECOVER-Pathology is the largest autopsy study addressing PASC among US adults. Results of this study are intended to elucidate mechanisms of organ injury and disease and enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of PASC.</div