First case report of infection by Mycobacterium wolinskyi after mammoplasty in Brazil

<em>Mycobacterium wolinskyi</em> is a rapidly growing mycobacterium, first described in 1999 as a member of the group <em>Mycobacterium smegmatis</em> (<em>Mycobacterium smegmatis</em>, <em>Mycobacterium wolinskyi</em> and <em>Mycobacterium goodii</em>). Only 19 case reports all over the world have been described on literature, none of them in Brazil. On this report, it is described one case of infection after a mammoplasty procedure performed in a private health service in the county of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, in 2009. The mycobacteria specie was identified using biochemical tests and sequencing the specific gene <em>rpoB</em>. To treat the infection by <em>Mycobacterium wolinskyi</em> it was necessary to combine antibiotics for a long period of time associated with surgical procedures of the breast abscesses