Biomass flow transfers between a prey and a predator.

<p>Black arrows represent energy transfers or losses. The prey has a trophic level τ and the predator has a trophic level (τ+1). Fishing mortality F and natural mortality M0 represent non-predation mortalities. Excretion U and respiration R are the predator metabolic losses. The partial transfer efficiency (P_τ+1/Q_τ+1) and total transfer efficiency (P_τ+1/P_τ) are indicated (derived from Gascuel et al.,[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0182826#pone.0182826.ref039" target="_blank">39</a>]).</p

Clustering based on trends in the Time Cumulated Indicator (TCI_R) and the Efficiency Cumulated Indicator (ECI_R): Selection of results regarding clusters description by supplementary qualitative variables.

<p>Clustering based on trends in the Time Cumulated Indicator (TCI_R) and the Efficiency Cumulated Indicator (ECI_R): Selection of results regarding clusters description by supplementary qualitative variables.</p

Worldwide values and trends of transfer efficiency, residence time, fishing and climate indicators.

<p>(a) Mean 1950–2010 values of the Time Cumulated Indicator TCI per type of ecosystem (in years); (b) Mean 1950–2010 values of the Efficiency Cumulated Indicator ECI per type of ecosystem; (c) Worldwide trend in TCI; (d) Worldwide trend in ECI; (e) Worldwide SST anomaly relative to the mean of the time-series (orange, in °C, left axis) and O₂ anomaly trends (yellow, in mol O₂ m^-3, right axis) (f) Worldwide trends in the fishing pressures indices: SSP (red, in % on the left axis) and L_index (orange, right axis); (g) Shannon index (h) Percent of fish species. Colored sectors refer to bootstrap confidence intervals of the mean of LMEs, at 95%.</p

TCI and ECI trends on an a priori selection of LMEs.

<p>(a) Time indicator nominal values trends (b) Efficiency indicator nominal values trends–‘Group 1’ gathers the 10 most strongly exploited ecosystems (according to their SSPs); ‘Group 2’ gathers the 10 ecosystems with the strongest increase in SST since 1990; ‘All LMEs’ gathers the 56 LMEs. Colored sectors refer to bootstrap confidence intervals of the mean, at 95%.</p

Results from the Principle Component Analysis and clustering on the Time Cumulated Indicator TCI_R.

<p>(a) Worldwide map of the clusters; Mean trend per cluster from 1950 to 2010 in: (b) Relative to 1950 TCI_R (colored sectors refer to bootstrap 95% confidence intervals); (c) Nominal values of TCI; (d) Number of overexploited and collapsed stocks in SSPs (%); (e) FiB index; (f) the Mean Trophic Level; (g) the Shannon biodiversity index.</p

Results from the Principal Component Analysis and clustering on the ECI_R.

<p>(a) Worldwide map of the clusters; Mean trend per cluster from 1950 to 2010 in: (b) Relative to 1950 ECI_R (colored sectors refer to bootstrap 95% confidence intervals); (c) ECI nominal values; (d) L_index of fishing pressure; (e) Difference SST_(y)−SST₍₁₉₅₀₎; (f) the Shannon biodiversity index (g) Fraction of finfish species (%).</p