STATE OF 101 PROTECTED AREAS IN LATIN AMERICA

On-site evaluations of the status of protected areas provide guidance to managers, stakeholders, and decision makers on the development of strategies to address the most critical issues faced by protected areas. In this project I used the results obtained from the application of ParksWatch methodology to assess threats and management issues of protected areas in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. The analysis detected a number of institutional weaknesses such as management planning, staffing, and infrastructure. In addition, I identified the five major threats to these protected areas, which are consistent throughout Latin America: poaching, illegal agriculture, grazing, illegal logging, and exotic species

Valoracion Banco Santana S.A.

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto ilustrar a través de un caso práctico el proceso de banca de inversión que se debe realizar como vendedor de un banco comercial. El desarrollo de este caso ofrece a los alumnos una herramienta sencilla e ilustrativa de la forma como se valora un banco, sobre la cual podrán analizar los resultados del ejercicio desde el punto de vista del vendedor y del comprador.Banco Santana, historia y evolución. Debida Diligencia - Cálculo de los principales indicadores financieros. Análisis de márgenes financieros. Análisis de las variables claves del negocio bancario. Cartera: calidad, crecimiento, cobertura, activo improductivo y tasa de colocación. BRDP´s: calidad, crecimiento, cobertura, gastos y comercialización. Inversiones obligatorias y voluntarias: rendimiento, proyección y volumen. Depósitos: mezcla de costo captación. Política de dividendos. Proyección de Estados Financieros. Definición de la tasa de descuento.Valoración del Banco por el método de Flujo de dividendos. Marco Jurídico.Especialista en Finanzas Corporativas, CESA.Especializació

Is urinary 1-hydroxypyrene a valid biomarker for exposure to air pollution in outdoor workers? A meta-analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and specificity of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPu) as a biomarker of the exposure from urban pollution to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among outdoor workers in a meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis was performed according to standard methods, and the results show that the concentrations of 1-OHPu tend to be higher in exposed workers than in unexposed workers (if we exclude two highly heterogeneous articles), in exposed non-smokers than in unexposed non-smokers and in exposed than in unexposed workers who were carriers of the CYP1A1 genotype and in those with the glutathione-S-transferase M1 (-)genotype. These genotypes enhance the effect of exposure, particularly in non-smokers. Smoking reduces the differences between exposed and unexposed subjects. In conclusion, our results suggest that the use of the 1-OHPu biomarker appears to be reliable for studying occupational exposure to PAHs from urban pollution, as long as environmental and behavioural factors are considered.Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, 9 January 2013; doi:10.1038/jes.2012.111