WT pattern after constant routine approach.

<p>Demasked WT waveforms obtained using the constant routine approach (see the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061142#s2" target="_blank">material and methods</a> section for details), employing either purification by categories (A) or by intercepts (B); in the latter case, three different environmental temperatures (15°, 20° and 25°C) are considered. The shaded area shows the mean sleep period. Data are expressed as Mean ± SEM. The values for Mesor, Amplitude and Acrophase as well as the %V of wrist temperature demasked by the simulated constant routine are expressed as Mean±95% Confidence Interval and are included at the bottom of the graph. * indicates p<0.001 according to the cosinor analysis.</p

WT pattern purified for activity.

<p>Demasked WT pattern, expressed as mean ± SEM after application of the purification by intercepts or categories method (correcting for the effect of activity). The shaded area shows the mean sleep period. The table below the graph shows the corresponding Mesor, Amplitude and Acrophase as well as the %V for WT, demasked by means of the purification by categories or intercepts method, (data are expressed as Mean±95% Confidence Interval). * indicates p<0.001 according to the cosinor analysis.</p

Circadian modulation of masking variables.

<p>Circadian modulation of the polynomial coefficients for the different masking variables: (A) light and environmental temperature (Env Temp), (B) activity and position and (C) sleep. The independent term for WT is represented in D. The shaded area shows the mean sleep period. Note that the independent term corresponds to an environmental temperature of 0°C. All values are expressed as Mean ± SEM. See the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061142#s2" target="_blank">materials and methods</a> section for details.</p

Correlation between Internal Desynchronization (DI) and PLR.

<p>Correlation between Internal Desynchronization (DI) and PLR.</p

Ambulatory circadian monitoring.

<p>Left panel: nine-day averaged recording for (A) wrist temperature, (B) wrist acceleration, and (C) light exposure, from 15 subjects. Right panel: averaged mean waveforms (n = 15) for (D) wrist temperature, (E) wrist acceleration, and (F) light exposure. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.</p

Parameters assessed for PLR.

<p>1: Minimum diameter, expressed as percentage constriction; 2: Area Under the Curve from 0 to 60 seconds of light exposure (AUC₆₀, orange); 3: Area Under the Curve from 240 to 300 seconds of light exposure (AUC₂₄₀, in red); 4: Area Under the Curve from light offset to the end of the recording (from 300 to 360 seconds of recording) (AUC₃₀₀, blue); 5: Percentage pupil constriction. Each arrow indicates, from left to right, TL5, TL10, TL15, TL20, TL30, TL60 and TL120, respectively, thus the percentage of pupil constriction at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 and 120 seconds after light onset.; 6: Time from light onset to the minimum pupil diameter reached during pupil constriction.</p

Correlation analysis between PLR and different circadian parameters for wrist temperature rhythm (WT), wrist acceleration (WA) (circadian system output signal) and light exposure pattern (input signal).

<p>Correlation analysis between PLR and different circadian parameters for wrist temperature rhythm (WT), wrist acceleration (WA) (circadian system output signal) and light exposure pattern (input signal).</p

Averaged PLR parameters (n = 15) (II).

<p>Averaged PLR parameters (n = 15) (II).</p

Macroarrays according to high and low cp-PLR and CSI parameters.

<p>Graphic matrix for subjects (n = 15) sorted by (A) CSI (circadian status index) and (B) by cp-PLR (circadian photoreception PLR). Colour scale corresponds to the relative magnitude for each variable and participant: reddish colours indicate lower scores for both CSI (worse circadian system status) and PLR parameters (less constriction) with those wavelengths in the circadian range (460-490nm). For details on the cp-PLR and CSI indexes calculation see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162476#sec002" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. The variables included in the macroarrays are wrist temperature (WT), wrist acceleration (WA) and light exposure (L) from the circadian analysis and normalized minimum pupil diameter expressed as pupil constriction and AUC₂₄₀. M5, the mid-point time of the five consecutive hours with the highest values; VM5, value for M5; L5, the mid-point time of the five consecutive hours with the lowest values; VL5, value for L5; HO, Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire score; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Min, minimum pupil diameter (expressed as pupil constriction); AUC₂₄₀, Area Under the Curve during the last minute (240 seconds) of light exposure. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162476#sec002" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> for the calculation details.</p

Cosinor, non-parametric and Fourier analysis for wrist temperature rhythm (WT), motor activity (wrist acceleration, WA) and light exposure (L) patterns (n = 15).

<p>Cosinor, non-parametric and Fourier analysis for wrist temperature rhythm (WT), motor activity (wrist acceleration, WA) and light exposure (L) patterns (n = 15).</p