Эхинококкоз у верблюдов и овец, убитых в административном округе Асуан, южной части Египта

Background: Hydatidosis is an infection caused by the cystic larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is a zoonotic disease has a worldwide distribution and common in developing and undeveloped countries. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to studying the infection rate and predilection seats of hydatid cyst affections among slaughtered food animals in Aswan Governorate, southern Egypt and study the effect of age and sex of infected slaughtered animals on the infection with hydatid cyst. Also, study the effect of seasonal variations in the infection with hydatid cyst among slaughtered animals. In addition, the macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, scanning electron microscopy and histopathological studies for the collected hydatid cyst are examined. Methods: This investigation was carried out from August 2015 to July 2016 in two main slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate to study the hydatidosis in camels and sheep. By routine meat inspection, hydatid cyst count and characterization was conducted. Findings: A total of 2080 camels and 674 sheep were examined. Of these, 173 (8.32%) camels and 3 (0.45%) sheep were found to harbour one or more hydatid cysts. Female and older age slaughtered animals were more susceptible to infection with these metacestode than males and younger animals. Hydatid cyst infection in slaughtered animals is most commonly found in lung followed by liver while mixed infection in both lung and liver was found only in camel. Hydatid cyst in slaughtered camels was higher in autumn followed by winter, while hydatid cyst in slaughtered sheep was found only in autumn season. Fertile cysts in lung and liver of slaughtered camels was 83.4% and 30% respectively. While the fertility of hydatid cyst in infected lung and liver of sheep was 100%. Main conclusions: This study reported that slaughtered animals were infected with relatively high infection rate of hydatid cyst may be due to the presence of socio-economic conditions favourable for the disease and maintenance of high level of infection. So must design governmental control programs against hydatidosis to minimize the infection rate in Aswan Governorate and ensure effective protection not only for animal population but also for humans at risk of contracting the infection.Исходная информация: Эхинококкоз является инфекцией, вызванной личиночной стадией Echinococcus granulosus. Данное заболевание является зоонозом, распространенным во всем мире и характерен для развитых и слаборазвитых стран. Цели: Целью данного исследования является изучение зараженности эхинококками и предрасположенности мест повреждения гидатидой среди убитых животных в административном округе Асуан, южной части Египта, и изучение влияния возраста, пола животных и сезона года на заболеваемость эхинококками. Проведены макроскопическое и гистологическое исследования, растровая электронная микроскопия и гистопатологологические исследования обнаруженных при вскрытии убитых животных гидатид. Методы: Данное лабораторное обследование проводили с августа 2015 года по июль 2016 года в двух основных скотобойнях административного округа Асуан для изучения эхинококкоза у верблюдов и овец. Выводы: Всего исследовали 2080 верблюдов и 674 овец. Среди них у 173 верблюдов (8,32%) и у 3 овец (0,45%) были обнаружены переносчики одной или нескольких гидатид. Убитые животные женского пола и старшего возраста были более подвержены заражению данным плероцеркоидом, чем животные мужского пола и более молодого возраста. Гидатиды у убитых животных чаще всего обнаруживали в легком, менее часто - в печени, в то время как множественное заражение и в легком и в печени обнаруживали только у верблюдов. Более высокая встречаемость гидатид у убитых верблюдов была осенью, реже - зимой, в то время как гидатиды у убитых овец были обнаружены только в осенний период. Фертильные кисты в легких и печени убитых верблюдов составляли 83,4% и 30% соответственно, в то время как фертильные кисты в зараженных легких и печени овец составляли 100%. Основные выводы: Данное исследование показало, что убитые животные были заражены гидатидами в высокой возможно из-за существующих социально-экономических условий, благоприятных для развития заболевания и сохранения высокого уровня зараженности. Таким образом, обязательным является создание государственных программ контроля эхинококкоза для снижения уровня распространенности в административном округе Асуан и обеспечения эффективной защиты не только животных, но и людей от риска контактирования с инвазией

Dem reconstruction of coastal geomorphology from dinsar

The paper is focused on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) reconstruction from differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR). In doing so, conventional DInSAR procedures are implemented to three repeat passes of RADARSAT-1 SAR fine mode data (F1). Further, the multichannel MAP height estimator is implemented with phase unwrapping technique. Consequently, the multichannel MAP height estimator is used to eliminate the phase decorrelation impact from the interferograms. The study shows the performance of DInSAR method using the multichannel MAP height estimator is better than DInSAR technique which is validated by a lower range of error (0.01±0.11 m) with 90% confidence intervals. In conclusion, integration of the multichannel MAP height estimator with phase unwrapping produce accurate 3-D coastal geomorphology reconstruction

Developing adaptive algorithm for automatic detection of geological linear features using RADARSAT-1 SAR data

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been recognized as a powerful tool for geological features detection. This work introduces a new approach for modification of adaptive Lee algorithm to semi-automatically detected geological features from RADARSAT-1 SAR data. This is based on modification of Lee algorithm formula by using 2D Gaussian convolution formula. The result shows that the new formula of Lee algorithm can be delineated lineament features in RADARSAT- 1 SAR data. The new formula based on 2D Gaussian performed better in semi-automatically detected lineament features as compared with Lee algorithm. The modification of Lee algorithm has a small standard deviation of 3.54 as compared to Lee algorithm

3-d coastal water front visualization using radarsat-1 sar satellite data

This paper presents work done to utilize RADARSAT-1 SAR data to reconstruct 3-D of coastal water front.Three algorithms of velocity bunching, Volterra and fuzzy B-spline are used to reconstruct 3-D coastal front.The velocity bunching algorithm modeled significant wave height, Volterra algorithm simulated coastal current movement while fuzzy B-spline implemented the significant wave height to reconstruct 3-D coastal front.The study shows the significant wave height varied between 0.7m to 1.3m across the front.The front is dominated by strong tidal current that ranged between 0.9 m/s to 1.5 m/s.This front occurred in water depth of 20 m.Additionally, fuzzy B-spline reconstructed 3-D front with smooth graphic feature.Indeed, fuzzy B-spline tracked the smooth and rough surface.Finally, fuzzy B-spline algorithm can keep track of uncertainty with representing spatially clustered gradient of flow points across the front.In conclusion, the fuzzy B-spline algorithm can be used for 3-D front reconstruction with integration of velocity bunching and Volterra algorithm

Different polarised topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) bands for shoreline change mapping

This study introduced a new approach for coastal erosion and sedimentation monitoring. In doing so, the airbone topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) polarized data is used with the conventional techniques of mapping shoreline rate changes, which is based on the estimation of historical vector layers. The main problem for shoreline identification is raised up due to speckles impact. Therefore, the speckle reductions are performed by using an adaptive filter algorithm to identify the coastline edge morphology. In this context, Lee algorithm, combination of linear contrast, Gaussian and histogram equalization enhancement is used. Thus the manual vector layer digitizing is applied to extract the coastline for the different polarized bands. Further, the accuracy assement is determined based on the statistical analysis of T-test. Indeed, T-test is used to determine the significant distinction between the TOPSAR different polarized bands. For more precisely, SPOT satellite data are used with near real time in situ measurements to determine appropriate band for shoreline change estimation. The results show that the C vv band is performed better than other bands with root mean square error of ± 0.9 m and r 2 of 0.73. This confirms with T-test in which there is a major difference between C and L bands