Arbetsplatsrapport enk\ue4tunders\uf6kning vid Volvo Buss i Bor\ue5s

Consumer report (“avn\ue4marrapport” in Swedish) for the company in question which is financed by a research foundation. It is a questionnaire survey, in this case, a so-called total survey of all blue and white-collar employees

Arbetsplatsrapport av genomf\uf6rd enk\ue4tunders\uf6kning vid Volvo Atlet AB i M\uf6lnlycke

Consumer report (“avn\ue4marrapport” in Swedish) for the company in question which is financed by a research foundation. It is a questionnaire survey, in this case, a so-called total survey of all blue and white-collar employees

Sublingual Immunization Protects against Helicobacter pylori Infection and Induces T and B Cell Responses in the Stomach▿

Sublingual (SL) immunization has been described as an effective novel way to induce mucosal immune responses in the respiratory and genital tracts. We examined the potential of SL immunization against Helicobacter pylori to stimulate immune responses in the gastrointestinal mucosa and protect against H. pylori infection. Mice received two SL immunizations with H. pylori lysate antigens and cholera toxin as an adjuvant, and after challenge with live H. pylori bacteria, their immune responses and protection were evaluated, as were immune responses prior to challenge. SL immunization induced enhanced proliferative responses to H. pylori antigens in cervicomandibular lymph nodes and provided at least the same level of immune responses and protection as corresponding intragastric immunization. Protection in SL-immunized mice was associated with strong H. pylori-specific serum IgG and IgA antibody responses in the stomach and intestine, with strong proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) production by spleen and mesenteric lymph node T cells stimulated with H. pylori antigens in vitro, and with increased IFN-γ and IL-17 gene expression in the stomach compared to levels in infected unimmunized mice. Immunohistochemical studies showed enhanced infiltration of CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells into the H. pylori-infected stomach mucosa of SL-immunized but not unimmunized H. pylori-infected mice, which coincided with increased expression of the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM-1) and T and B cell-attracting chemokines CXCL10 and CCL28. We conclude that, in mice, SL immunization can effectively induce protection against H. pylori infection in association with strong T and B cell infiltration into the stomach

Development of stable Vibrio cholerae O1 Hikojima type vaccine strains co-expressing the Inaba and Ogawa lipopolysaccharide antigens.

We describe here the development of stable classical and El Tor V. cholerae O1 strains of the Hikojima serotype that co-express the Inaba and Ogawa antigens of O1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mutation of the wbeT gene reduced LPS perosamine methylation and thereby gave only partial transformation into Ogawa LPS on the cell surface. The strains express approximately equal amounts of Inaba- and Ogawa-LPS antigens which are preserved after formalin-inactivation of the bacteria. Oral immunizations of both inbred and outbred mice with formalin-inactivated whole-cell vaccine preparations of these strains elicited strong intestinal IgA anti-LPS as well as serum vibriocidal antibody responses against both Inaba and Ogawa that were fully comparable to the responses induced by the licensed Dukoral vaccine. Passive protection studies in infant mice showed that immune sera raised against either of the novel Hikojima vaccine strains protected baby mice against infection with virulent strains of both serotypes. This study illustrates the power of using genetic manipulation to improve the properties of bacteria strains for use in killed whole-cell vaccines

Intestinal–mucosal IgA anti–LPS and serum vibriocidal antibody responses elicited by two rounds of oral immunizations in Balb/c mice two weeks apart with formalin–killed MS1568 and MS1580 whole cell vaccines as compared to Dukoral vaccines; immunizations and collection of tissue specimens are fully described in Materials and Methods.

<p>(A) IgA anti–LPS antibody levels in fecal extracts (expressed as units per mg of total IgA measured by ELISA); and (B) the same in small intestinal tissue extracts. (C) Serum vibriocidal antibody responses against Inaba test organisms; and (D) the same against Ogawa test organisms. Bars represent the pooled results (geometric mean values ± SEM) from two separate experiments in Balb/c mice, each with 8 animals per group. Analyses of data by ANOVA showed that post–immunization antibody levels did not differ significantly between any of the immunization groups.</p

Comparison of intestinal–mucosal IgA anti–LPS and serum vibriocidal antibody responses elicited by oral immunization with formalin–killed MS1568 or Dukoral vaccines in CD1 mice.

<p>(A) IgA anti–LPS antibody levels measured by ELISA in fecal extracts (dashed) and in small intestinal tissue extracts (striped) after two rounds of intragastric immunizations and (B) same after three rounds as described in Material and Methods. (C) Serum vibriocidal antibody responses against Inaba (filled) and Ogawa (open) test organisms after two and (D) three rounds of immunizations. Bars show geometric mean values and SEM for 7 animals per group. As tested with ANOVA, post–immunization antibody levels did not differ significantly between any of the different immunization groups.</p

Colony blot results.

<p>O1 Inaba <i>V. cholerae</i> strain JS1569 was transformed with expression plasmids carrying different mutant <i>wbeT</i> genes. Different mutations in the <i>wbeT</i> gene give different levels of expression of the Ogawa antigen as seen by different levels of staining following labelling with Ogawa–specific antibodies. The plasmids were isolated and the <i>wbeT</i> genes sequenced. The mutations present in the different clones are indicated.</p

Determinations of the relative amounts of Ogawa antigen in LPS preparations of the generated Hikojima strains MS1568 and MS1580 based on amounts of methylated and un–methylated perosamine analyzed with mass spectrometry in relation to similar analyses of LPS preparations from reference Inaba Phil6973 and Ogawa Cairo 50 strains.

<p>The area under the curve for the methylated part (m/z ratio 756.6) divided by the area under the curve for the non–methylated part (m/z ratio 742.6) subtracted with the background (this ratio from the Inaba strain Phil6973) was used for the two Hikojima strain (MS1568 and MS1580) LPS preparations to calculate their percentage of Ogawa LPS (compared to the 100% Ogawa in the LPS from the Cairo50 reference strain). Diagrams are from one of 3 such experiments showing closely similar patterns and with the calculated mean ± SEM percentages Ogawa antigen indicated for MS1568 and MS1580.</p

Bacterial strains and plasmids used in the current study.

<p>Bacterial strains and plasmids used in the current study.</p