Legitimizing amateur status using financial reports: Victorian Football League clubs, 1909-1912

It is generally accepted by historians that in the early twentieth century clubs in Australian Football's Victorian Football League (VFL) made payments to "amateur" players prior to the legalization of professionalism and that such payments were not disclosed in club financial reports. Previously, financial reports have not been used to support or refute such claims. This article presents findings from a detailed examination of the financial reports and other records of six of the 10 VFL clubs for the years surrounding the legalization of professional football in 1911 (1909-1912). Prior to 1911, most clubs engaged in fraudulent financial reporting practices by misrepresenting player payments as other forms of permitted expenditures, thus concealing prohibited remunerative payments to players within their financial reports. Using isomorphic influences to explain the reasons for this misrepresentation, we conclude that the financial reports were used to legitimate the majority of clubs as amateur organizations. Competing isomorphic pressures, particularly conflicting coercive factors related to the VFL's prohibition on player payments and normative pressures associated with increasing professionalism amongst players, contributed to clubs engaging in fraudulent financial reporting. © The Author(s) 2015

Oral Care Practices in Stroke: Findings from the UK and Australia

Aims: To examine current practice, perceptions of healthcare professionals and factors affecting provision for oral care post-stroke in the UK and Australia. Background: Poor oral care has negative health consequences for people post-stroke. Little is known about oral care practice in hospital for people post-stroke and factors affecting provision in different countries. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Methods: Questionnaires were mailed to stroke specialist nurses in UK and Australian hospitals providing inpatient acute or rehabilitation care post-stroke. The survey was conducted between April and November 2019. Non-respondents were contacted up to five times. Results: Completed questionnaires were received from 150/174 (86%) hospitals in the UK, and 120/162 (74%) in Australia. A total of 52% of UK hospitals and 30% of Australian hospitals reported having a general oral care protocol, with 53% of UK and only 13% of Australian hospitals reporting using oral care assessment tools. Of those using oral care assessment tools, 50% of UK and 38% of Australian hospitals used local hospital-specific tools. Oral care assessments were undertaken on admission in 73% of UK and 57% of Australian hospitals. Staff had received oral care training in the last year in 55% of UK and 30% of Australian hospitals. Inadequate training and education on oral care for pre-registration nurses were reported by 63% of UK and 53% of Australian respondents. Conclusion: Unacceptable variability exists in oral care practices in hospital stroke care settings. Oral care could be improved by increasing training, performing individual assessments on admission, and using standardised assessment tools and protocols to guide high quality care. The study highlights the need for incorporating staff training and the use of oral care standardised assessments and protocols in stroke care in order to improve patient outcomes

Exacerbating Staff Shortages and Student Dissatisfaction? The Impact of AACSB Accreditation on Faculty Recruitment in Australia

Australian accounting schools are widely perceived to be experiencing a staffing shortage. Many accounting schools are now seeking AACSB accreditation. There has been no consideration in the accounting literature of how such accreditation might impact on the future ability of accounting schools to attract the ex-practice accountants that have traditionally comprised the majority of their faculty recruits. To examine such implications, this paper presents an interpretive case study of an Australian business school which is in the process of applying for AACSB accreditation. The paper argues that an implication of the increasingly inflexible work environment driven by AACSB accreditation may be that academia becomes a less attractive workplace for ex-practitioner faculty. This may further exacerbate existing academic staff shortages and reduce diversity and professional knowledge within accounting schools, with consequent implications for teaching, student engagement, and industry engagement. This in turn may have long term ramifications for the ability of the universities to attract students and thus earn the tuition fees on which they currently rely

Alien Registration- Lightbody, Margaret A. (Embden, Somerset County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/9682/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Lightbody, Margaret A. (Embden, Somerset County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/9682/thumbnail.jp