Helpis Simon 1901

Genus <i>Helpis</i> Simon, 1901 <p> <b>Type species</b> <i>Astia minitabunda</i> L. Koch, 1880, p. 1160.</p>Published as part of <i>Żabka, Marek, 2002, Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from the Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, XV. New Species of Astieae from Australia, pp. 257-268 in Records of the Australian Museum 54</i> on page 25

Prof. dr hab. Wojciech Krzysztof Staręga (1939–2015)

obituary for Wojciech Staręg

Opisthoncus serratofasciatus L. Koch 1881

<i>Opisthoncus serratofasciatus</i> L. Koch, 1881 <p>(Fig. 27)</p> <p> <i>Opisthoncus serratofasciatus</i>: Koch L. 1881: 1233; Rainbow 1911: 310; Żabka 1991: 47.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> 1F Holotype, ZMH, Mus. Godeffroy 7726, Australia: Sydney [NSW].</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Female cheliceral retromargin with two-cuspidate tooth (Fig. 27 E). Copulatory openings relatively small, oriented mid-anteriorly, insemination ducts moderately long, with internal structures as in Fig. 27 G. In comparison with similar <i>O</i>. <i>polyphemus</i> spermathecae more distant from each other and abdominal colour pattern different.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Female</i> (cephalothorax damaged, Fig. 27) about 6 mm long. Cephalothorax round and moderately high (CW = 87% of CL, CH = 48% of CL), pale brown, covered with pallid scales, surrounding of eyes almost black with paler markings. Clypeus narrow, pale brown, densely covered with pallid scales and setae (Fig. 27 D). Chelicerae brown, with dentition as in diagnosis. Endites and labium brown, with yellow anterior margins. Sternum relatively wide, yellow with brownish margins and scattered short and fine brown hairs (Fig. 27 C). Abdomen yellow, mottled brown, with distinct longitudinal serrate pallid streak as in Fig. 27 B. Venter yellow, brown on sides, with elongate medial brown stripe (Fig. 27 C). Spinnerets brownish. Legs I brownish, others yellow-orange. Pedipalps yellow, with orange tibiae and tarsi. Epigynal posterior notch rounded, insemination ducts coiled and looped as in Figs 27 F–G, spermathecae moderately large.</p> <p>Dimensions. CL 2.80, CW 2.44, CH 1.34, AEW 1.88, PEW 1.94, EFL 0.92, AL 3.20, AW 1.92, L1 5.68 (1.60+1.32+1.32+0.88+0.56).</p> <p> <i>Male</i> unknown.</p>Published as part of <i>Gardzińska, Joanna & Żabka, Marek, 2013, Redescription of the genus Opisthoncus L. Koch, 1880 (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 401-447 in Zootaxa 3717 (4)</i> on page 439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3717.4.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/246494">http://zenodo.org/record/246494</a&gt

Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of New Caledonia: Genus Corambis Simon, 1901

The genus Corambis Simon, 1901 includes five species; three of them, C. jacknicholsoni sp. nov., C. logunovi sp. nov. and C. pantherae sp. nov., are described here as new. The female of the C. foeldvarii Szűts, 2002 is described for the first time and a new generic diagnosis is proposed. The distribution and relationships of Corambis are discussed in terms of the geological and bioclimatic history of New Caledonia

Proszynellus Patoleta & Żabka, 2015, gen. nov.

Proszynellus gen. nov. Type species: Proszynellus nasalis sp. nov. Etymology. The genus is described in honour of Professor Jerzy Prószy&nacute;ski, world authority in salticid taxonomy and biogeography, on his 80 th anniversary. The name is masculine in gender. Diagnosis. The genus is distinguished by the following combination of characters: male palpal organ with a femoral bump (Figs 7, 27, 46), similar to that of a couple of unrelated Australian genera, namely Grayenulla &Zdot;abka, 1992 and Pseudosynagelides &Zdot;abka, 1991, and in Heliophanus C.L. Koch, 1833, genus not present in Australia (Weso&lstrok;owska 1986; &Zdot;abka 1991, 1992). Posterior lobe of bulbus with a unique membranous structure (Figs 7, 27, 46). Embolus arises as the continuation of bulbus and is sometimes accompanied by membranous pars pendula (Fig. 8), like in possibly related Menemerus Simon, 1868 (see e.g. Davies & &Zdot;abka 1989, fig. 55, marked as membranous conductor). Epigyne with a large caudal lobe/scape (Figs 17, 37), also present in single species of unrelated Australian Astieae and Dioleniae (see Davies & &Zdot;abka 1989, figs 19, 21) and in some species of Phintella, genus not recorded in Australia (e.g. &Zdot;abka 1985). Internal female genitalia (vulva) similar to that of Menemerus, with two (proximal and distal) chambers connected by a straight duct (Figs 18, 38). Spermatheca coiled in distal chamber (Figs 18, 38). Description. Small, slender and flattened fissident spiders (Fig. 1), 2.8–3.5 mm long. Thoracic part much longer than cephalic (EFL <42 % of CL); fovea located well behind the eye field, in the middle of thorax. Abdomen ovoid-elongate, dark, with lighter markings or chevrons. Spinnerets not distinctive. Clypeus very narrow (<7 % of AME diameter); chelicerae vertical or slightly projecting, with two single prolateral teeth and one fissident retrolateral tooth. Maxillae/endites in males with protuberance (Figs 3, 23, 43). Labium wider than long (<50 % of endites’ length). Sternum and venter not distinctive. Fourth legs the longest, followed the first, more robust than others, especially in males. Legs 3 and 2 shorter (for leg formula, see species’ descriptions). First tibiae and metatarsi with pairs of strong ventral spines (2 - 2 - 2 and 2 - 2, respectively). Bump on palpal femur only slightly marked (P. nasalis, P. wandae) or in the form of an apophysis (P. occidentalis). Palpal tibia complicated with different shapes of apophyses (see species descriptions). In P. nasalis, there is a cymbial flange. Seminal duct not meandering. Epigyne with single (P. nasalis) or bilobate scape (P. wandae). Copulatory openings oriented laterally (P. nasalis) or towards each other (P. wandae). Relationships. For many decades after Simon’s monumental works (1901-1903), the discussion on salticid relationships was based upon morphological characters and resulted in several important works by Wanless, Galiano, Prószy&nacute;ski and others (review in Maddison et al. 2014). Within the last decade or so, molecular methods have widely been applied, mostly by Prof. Wayne Maddison and his team (Maddison et al. 2008; Zhang & Maddison 2013; Maddison et al. 2014) and have brought unexpected results. The multi-gene analyses of nonsalticoid clades (cocalodines, lapsines, Spartaeinae) basically supported some earlier morphology-based views, but the results for salticoids appeared revolutionary (Maddison et al. 2014), proving that the higher salticid taxonomy has to be verified using molecular methods. For now, there is only morphological data available for the genus Proszynellus, and following Maddison et al. (2008), it can be provisionally placed within the Heliophaninae clade, with the genus Menemerus Simon being especially close. Both share similar palpal tibiae, more or less marked cymbial flange and membranous pars pendula. Also, in some Menemerus species the internal female genitalia have strongly sclerotised chambers with thin coiled ducts inside (Weso&lstrok;owska 1999). Three other genera, Heliophanus, Phintella Strand, 1906 and Pseudicius Simon, 1885 (Andreeva et al. 1984; Weso&lstrok;owska 1986), seem related, too. In the first, femoral apophysis, bulbus and embolus are similar. The scape/caudal lobe, so distinctive in Proszynellus, can also be found in many species of Phintella (see &Zdot;abka 1985), but at this stage it is hard to judge potential homologies. Distribution. The distributional records of Proszynellus are (so far) limited to localities in Western Australia (Fig. 49), although the predicted distribution suggests a wider range, including South Australia (Fig. 50).Published as part of Patoleta, Barbara & Żabka, Marek, 2015, Proszynellus — a new jumping spider genus from Australia (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 257-267 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on page 258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/23241

Opisthoncus alborufescens L. Koch 1880

Opisthoncus alborufescens L. Koch, 1880 (Fig. 5) Opisthoncus alborufescens: Koch L. 1880: 1197; Simon 1903: 826, 828; Rainbow 1911: 308, 1912: 202; &Zdot;abka, 1991: 44. Type material. 3 F Syntypes, ZMH, Mus. Godeffroy 7740, Australia: Rockhampton [Queensland]. Remarks. Koch and Keyserling (1880) described both sexes and listed following localities: Rockhampton, Gayndah, Port Mackay, Sydney, Peak Downs. The material studied here comprises 3 females, designated as syntypes from Rockhampton. The male type specimen is lacking. Diagnosis. Characterized by the following combination of features: female cheliceral retromargin with 4–5 fused teeth (Fig. 5 F); copulatory openings wide, oriented mid-anteriorly, posterior notch triangular, moderately deep; insemination ducts proximally membranous and wide, narrowing distally, coiled in two circles, intermediate ducts long and looped as in Fig. 5 J spermathecae small, accessory glands enlarged. Distinctive from close O. grassator by orientation of spermathecae. Description. Female (Fig. 5) about 5.5 mm long. Cephalothorax round, moderately high (CW = 85 % of CL, CH = 50 % of CL), pale brown and covered with short, pallid scales, frontal scales make oblique bands (Figs 5 C– D). Surrounding of eyes black. Clypeus moderately narrow, brown, densely covered with pallid scales and hairs (Fig. 5 B). Chelicerae, endites and labium brown, the latter with yellow anterior margins. Sternum round, orange, with scattered fine, pallid and brown hairs. Abdomen damaged and somewhat dried, colour pattern as in Figs 5 G– H. Spinnerets orange. Legs I orange, others yellow. Epigyne as in Figs 5 I–J. Dimensions. CL 2.40, CW 2.04, CH 1.20, AEW 1.56, PEW 1.68, EFL 0.84, AL 3.12, AW 1.76, L 1 4.88 (1.36 + 1.12 + 1.12 + 0.84 + 0.44). Size variation (n = 2): CL 2.24–2.48, CW 1.80–2.04, CH 1.04–1.20, AEW 1.52–1.60, PEW 1.56–1.68, EFL 0.80–0.84, AL 2.24–3.12, AW 1.32–1.76. Male unknown (type specimen lacking).Published as part of Gardzińska, Joanna & Żabka, Marek, 2013, Redescription of the genus Opisthoncus L. Koch, 1880 (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 401-447 in Zootaxa 3717 (4) on page 407, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3717.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24649

FIGURE 4. Opisthoncus albiventris L. Koch, 1881, female syntype. A in Redescription of the genus Opisthoncus L. Koch, 1880 (Araneae: Salticidae)

FIGURE 4. Opisthoncus albiventris L. Koch, 1881, female syntype. A: original drawings from Koch & Keyserling (1881); B– D: general appearance, dorsal view (with shape of cephalothorax), lateral and ventral views; E: cephalothorax, frontal view; F: chelicerae, ventral view; G–H: epigyne and its internal structures. Scale bars C, D: 1 mm; G–H: 0.1 mm.Published as part of Gardzińska, Joanna & Żabka, Marek, 2013, Redescription of the genus Opisthoncus L. Koch, 1880 (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 401-447 in Zootaxa 3717 (4) on page 408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3717.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24649

Opisthoncus mordax L. Koch 1880

&lt;i&gt;Opisthoncus mordax&lt;/i&gt; L. Koch, 1880 &lt;p&gt;(Fig. 19)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Opisthoncus mordax&lt;/i&gt;: Koch L. 1880: 1192; Simon 1903: 826, 828; Rainbow 1911: 309, 1912: 202; &Zdot;abka, 1991: 46.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Type material.&lt;/b&gt; 1M Holotype, ZMH, Mus. Godeffroy 7732, Australia: Sydney [NSW].&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; Male cheliceral promarginal teeth differ in size: distal larger than the proximal one (Figs 19 F&ndash;G). Retromargin with 3 small teeth, located close to each other (Fig. 19 G). Frontal cheliceral surfaces with horn-like spurs (Fig. 19 F). Each ventral spur large, flat and lobe-like as in Fig. 19 G. Fangs with internal outgrowths. Pedipalps lacking, however original drawings by Keyserling show moderately long embolus, arising at about 7 o&rsquo;clock.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Male&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 19) about 5.5 mm long. Cephalothorax round, moderately high (CW = 85% of CL, CH = 49% of CL), pale brown, darker posteriorly and on eye field, covered with fine, pallid hairs (Fig. 19 B). Surrounding of AME brown, of others black. Clypeus narrow, dark brown, with pallid hairs (Fig. 19 D). Chelicerae pale brown, with armament as in diagnosis. Endites and labium darker, with yellow anterior margins. Sternum relatively wide, yellow with brownish margins, clothed in fine pallid hairs (Fig. 19 E). Abdomen elongate ovoid, yellow-orange with longitudinal pallid area on darker background, as in Fig. 19 B. Venter yellowish, with elongate stripes of small, orange spots. Spinnerets orange. Legs I pale brown, others yellow, all with dark brown femora. Pedipalps lacking.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Dimensions. CL 2.44, CW 2.08, CH 1.20 AEW 1.64, PEW 1.68, EFL 0.92, AL 3.00, AW 1.88, L1 7.24 (1.84+1.60+1.80+1.20+0.80).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Female&lt;/i&gt; unknown.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Gardzińska, Joanna &amp; Żabka, Marek, 2013, Redescription of the genus Opisthoncus L. Koch, 1880 (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 401-447 in Zootaxa 3717 (4)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 427-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3717.4.1, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/246494"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/246494&lt;/a&gt

Opisthoncus unicolor L. Koch 1881

Opisthoncus unicolor L. Koch, 1881 (Fig. 30) Opisthoncus unicolor: Koch L. 1881: 1235; Rainbow 1911: 310; &Zdot;abka 1991: 47. Type material. 1 F Holotype, ZMH, Mus. Godeffroy 7737, Australia: Peak Downs. Diagnosis. Female cheliceral retromargin with fissidentate, two-cuspidate tooth (Fig. 30 E). Copulatory openings relatively small, oriented anteriorly, insemination ducts moderately short, coiled. Differs from other species by orientation of copulatory openings and course of insemination ducts. Description. Female (Fig. 30) about 9 mm long. Cephalothorax widest at PLE and moderately high (CW = 84 % of CL, CH = 53 % of CL), brown, clothed in recumbent, pallid scales (Figs 30 B–D). Surrounding of eyes almost black. Clypeus moderately narrow, pale brown, with dense pallid scales and setae, the latter also cover the base of chelicerae (Fig. 30 F). Cheeks covered with orange hairs. Chelicerae brown, with dentition as in diagnosis. Endites and labium brown, with yellow anterior margins. Sternum relatively narrow, orange with brown margins and scattered pallid and brown hairs. Abdomen yellow, densely clothed in adpressed pallid scales and scattered brown hairs, colour pattern rather indistinct. Spinnerets orange. Venter greyish yellow, with elongate stripes of small gray dots. Legs yellow-orange, first pair brown. Pedipalps yellow, with orange tibiae and tarsi. Epigyne with posterior notch as in Figs 30 G–H, insemination ducts short, coiled in one loop, spermathecae close to each other, walls of spermathecae strongly sclerotized, accessory glands rather invisible. Dimensions. CL 2.28, CW 1.92, CH 1.20, AEW 1.72, PEW 1.72, EFL 0.80, AL 2.96, AW 2.00, L 1 5.70 (1.40 + 1.16 + 1.16 + 0.76 + 0.48). Male unknown.Published as part of Gardzińska, Joanna & Żabka, Marek, 2013, Redescription of the genus Opisthoncus L. Koch, 1880 (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 401-447 in Zootaxa 3717 (4) on page 446, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3717.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24649