Development of materials and process technology for dual alloy disks

Techniques for the preparation of dual alloy disks were developed and evaluated. Four material combinations were evaluated in the form of HIP consolidated and heat treated cylindrical and plate shapes in terms of elevated temperature tensile, stress rupture and low cycle fatigue properties. The process evaluation indicated that the pe-HIP AF-115 rim/loose powder Rene 95 hub combination offered the best overall range of mechanical properties for dual disk applications. The feasibility of this dual alloy concept for the production of more complex components was demonstrated by the scale up fabrication of a prototype CFM-56 disk made from this AF-115/Rene 95 combination. The hub alloy ultimate tensile strength was approximately 92 percent of the program goal of 1520 MPa (220 ksi) at 480 C (900 F) and the rim alloy stress rupture goal of 300 hours at 675 C (1250 F)/925 MPa (134 ksi) was exceeded by 200 hours. The low cycle fatigue properties were equivalent to those exhibited by HIP and heat treated alloys. There was an absence of rupture notch sensitivity in both alloys. The joint tensile properties were approximately 85 percent of the weaker of the two materials (Rene 95) and the stress rupture properties were equivalent to those of the weaker of the two materials (Rene 95)

Patterns in Illinois Educational School Data

We examine Illinois educational data from standardized exams and analyze primary factors affecting the achievement of public school students. We focus on the simplest possible models: representation of data through visualizations and regressions on single variables. Exam scores are shown to depend on school type, location, and poverty concentration. For most schools in Illinois, student test scores decline linearly with poverty concentration. However Chicago must be treated separately. Selective schools in Chicago, as well as some traditional and charter schools, deviate from this pattern based on poverty. For any poverty level, Chicago schools perform better than those in the rest of Illinois. Selective programs for gifted students show high performance at each grade level, most notably at the high school level, when compared to other Illinois school types. The case of Chicago charter schools is more complex. In the last six years, their students' scores overtook those of students in traditional Chicago high schools.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Two Weeks at the Old Bailey: Jury Lessons from England

I spent two weeks observing jury trials and interviewing judges and barristers at the Old Bailey in London. There were several jury practices at the Old Bailey that would benefit American jurors, such as providing them with a jury bundle, and we should introduce such practices in the United States. There are other practices, such as eliminating peremptory challenges, which are worth adopting over time because there would be some initial resistance. There are many practices that the two systems share in common, such as allowing jurors to take notes, to ask questions of witnesses, and to have a written copy of the jury instructions, but these practices need to be encouraged more broadly. Finally, there are some English jury practices that would not serve American jurors well, and should be rejected, such as seating the defendant in the dock and accepting a majority verdict from the jury. From my two weeks at the Old Bailey, I learned that there is no one way to design a jury system and that we should be willing to look to other countries\u27 jury practices for ideas and inspiration

Introduction to Secrecy in Litigation

The clash between privacy and public disclosure in dispute resolution demands the attention of legal academics, empiricists, and practitioners. Recent advances in technology have made information accessible in ways that were inconceivable a few years ago. Parties to disputes find their thoughts and interactions open to far greater disclosure than ever before. At the same time, the move toward alternative dispute resolution (ADR) has effectively taken many disputes out of the public realm and has transformed them into private transactions. Whereas in the past the public could observe disputes resolved at trial, now many disputes are resolved behind the veil of ADR. Advances in technology and the move from courts to ADR have heightened the conflict between the right to privacy and the need for public disclosure. This symposium addresses the clash between privacy and public disclosure in dispute resolution from the perspectives of the public, the parties, the judge, and future litigants and examines various states\u27 reforms as well as their unintended consequences

\u3cem\u3eBatson v. Kentucky\u3c/em\u3e Reflections Inspired by a Podcast

An episode of More Perfect, a podcast devoted to the US. Supreme Court, focused on Batson v. Kentucky, which just marked its thirtieth anniversary. This podcast serves as the starting point for reflections on Batson v. Kentucky, a case in which the Court maintained the peremptory challenge while trying to eliminate discriminatory peremptory challenges. The podcast contributes to our understanding of Batson in several ways. First, it allows listeners to hear from participants in the case and how they viewed their situation at the time. Second, it considers whether Batson has been effective in ridding jury selection of race-based peremptory challenges. A growing number of academics and judges take the view that Batson should be abandoned and peremptory chalenges should be elimuinated Third, the podcast raises the question whether eliminating the peremptory challenge represents a loss of faith in America, as one lawyer suggests. This Article challenges that notion and argues that clminating the peremptory challenge represents a faith in America and in Americans to perform their role as jurors