Frequency of Cryptosporidium and risk factors related to cryptosporidiosis in under 5-year old hospitalized children due to diarrhea

Background: Recently Cryptosporidium has gained much attention as a clinically human pathogen in immunocompromised cases and young children. This study investigated frequency and risk factors related to cryptosporidiosis in under 5-year old children. Patients and methods: Stools were examined by ELISA method to detect Cryptosporidium surface antigen (CSA) using Remel Prospect Cryptosporidium (monoclonal) Microplate Assay. Stool samples were collected from children at admission and were kept at -70°C until examination. Data were collected by a standard questionnaire and analysed in Epi info 2002 software. Results: Of 171 children, 8(5) were infected with Cryptosporidium. Most of the cases (6 cases) aged 2-12 months. Boys were more frequently infected than girls (p<0.05). Meanwhile, cryptosporidiosis was associated with less breastfeeding and lower birth weight (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results revealed that the frequency of cryptosporidiosis was similar to other parts of the world. Similarly, lower birth weight, less breast-feeding and male gender were associated with a higher frequency of cryptosporidiosis. ©2009 IDTMRC, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center

Efficay of consoling guidelines on decreasing of psychological problems of newly arrived students of Shahrekord university of medical sciences

زمینه و هدف: استرس ها یا فشارهای عصبی در هر محیطی واکنش های غیر اختصاصی ارگانیسم را موجب می شوند و ضرورت تغییر و تحول را در روند معمولی زندگی به دنبال دارند. با توجه به اینکه محیط دانشگاه می تواند حاوی عوامل استرس زا از قبیل دور شدن از محیط خانواده، مسائل مالی، مشکلات ارتباطی و غیره باشد و لزوم توجه و کاهش استرس در بین دانشجویان را می طلبد، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر راهبردهای مشاوره ای بر کاهش مشکلات روانشناختی دانشجویان جدید الورود (80-79) دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: این مطالعه یک تحقیق نیمه تجربی است که بر روی تعداد 40 نفر از 148 نفر دانشجویان جدید الورودی که به روش سرشماری انتخاب شده بودند و در آزمون اولیه با استفاده از پرسشنامه GHQ-28، نمره 23 و بالاتر از آن را کسب نمودند انجام شد. نمونه ها به روش تصادفی به دو گروه مورد و شاهد تقسیم شدند. سلامت روانی هر دو گروه به مدت 3 ماه بدون انجام هر گونه مداخله ارزیابی گردید و سپس گروه مورد به مدت 4 ماه تحت آموزش راهبردهای مشاوره ای قرار گرفت و نتایج حاصل از پرسشنامه مورد نظر با استفاده از آزمونهای آماری ANOVA، t-test و Dankan تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد 1/81 نمونه ها دختر و 9/18 پسر بودند. میانگین نمرات کل در گروه مورد قبل از مداخله 14/3±60/23، بعد از مداخله 01/3±90/14 بود (001/0

Risk factors for hospitalization of children with diarrhea in Shahrekord, Iran

Background: Diarrheal infections are responsible for over a quarter of all childhood mortality worldwide. The present study was performed to establish risk factors for hospitalization of children with diarrhea in Shahrekord, Iran. Materials and methods: For this case-control study, cases were selected through children hospitalized due to acute diarrhea lasting less than 14 days and controls were compromised of children with a clinical diagnosis of acute diarrhea lasting for less than 14 days who did not require hospitalization. Controls were selected from out-patient department (OPD) or 3 primary health care centers. Results: The study population included 259 hospitalized children (cases), 245 OPD and 245 primary health centres controls. In total, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, breastfeeding for ≤6 months, history of hospitalization in the previous year, lack of access to safe water, keeping animals at home and the presence of watery stool were associated with an increased risk of hospitalization during univariate analysis. However, multivariate analysis revealed that bloody diarrhea, watery stool, vomiting, use of unsafe water, prior hospitalization, and the presence of rotavirus or salmonella in the stool were independent factors increasing the risk of hospitalization. Conclusion: Our results indicate that improving environmental sanitation, socio-economic status and establishing training programs for parents can reduce risk of hospitalization due to diarrhea in children

Association of helicobacter pylori infection with serum magnesium in kidney transplant patients.

INTRODUCTION Few studies are available regarding the various promoting factors of H. pylori infection in kidney disease patients especially renal transplant individuals. OBJECTIVES This study was therefore conducted to examine the association of serum magnesium with H. pylori infection among kidney transplant patients. This cross-sectional investigation was conducted on a group of stable kidney transplant patients. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis after an overnight fast, Also urea breath test (UBT) was conducted for patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 50 cases was enrolled to the study. Mean serum magnesium value of the patients was 1.98 ± 0.62 mg/dl. Serum magnesium level in positive H. pylori patients was more than negative H. pylori patients (p=0.0005). In this study population, there was no significant difference in serum intact PTH, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, albumin levels and body mass index (BMI) between males and females or H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative subjects (p>0.5). CONCLUSION It is possible that, magnesium aggravates H. pylori infection in kidney transplant patients through the mechanisms like hemodialysis, which we had reported previously. However, more studies are necessary to prove the association of magnesium with H. pylori infection in renal transplant patients and finding the clinical relevance of our findings

Diarrhea-associated micronutrient deficiencies and risk of subsequent diarrhea in admitted children to Hajar hospital in Shahrekord, Iran

Background: Acute infectious diarrhea is still one of the most important causes of death in childhood and malnutrition increases its morbidity and mortality. There is a strong correlation between the nutritional status of the child and the risk of subsequent diarrhea. Micronutrient deficiencies also increase the child’s susceptibility to diarrhea and vitamin A and zinc supplementation has been shown to reduce the incidence and hasten recovery from acute diarrhea episodes. Materials and methods: This study describes the association of nutritional deficiencies and other factors on the risk of subsequent diarrhea in children in Shahrekord, Iran. A cohort of 211 children less than 5 years old admitted with acute diarrhea to Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, were followed for 14 weeks after hospital discharge. Results: Fifty-eight (27%) of these children developed a new diarrhea episode during the follow up period. Children who were vitamin A and zinc deficient at the time of admission, above 12 months of age, kept animals at home or had weight-for-age and weight-for-height z scores <-1 during the univariate analysis had a higher risk of experiencing subsequent diarrhea. Vitamin A and zinc deficiencies, keeping animals at home, diarrhea duration ≤ 4 days on enrolment and weight-for-age z score <-1 reminded as independent risk factors during multivariate analysis. The aggregation of these factors had a synergistic effect on the risk of subsequent diarrhea. Conclusion: Children with micronutrient deficiencies and in contact with animal had the highest risk of suffering subsequent diarrhea. Our findings support the current approach of providing multiple micronutrient supplements for the prevention of infection in order to reduce mortality in children

Determining the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and measuring of micronutrients in cryptosporidiosis among children under 5 years in

Abstract: Background: Cryptosporidium is a worldwide protozoa and one of the most important causes of diarrhea among under 5 years children and immunocompromized patients. The majority of studies conducted about the parasite is in developed countries and mainly focused on immunocompromized subjects. Also diarrhea and malnutrition are common in young children in developing countries and a reciprocal relationship has been postulated with diarrhea leading to malnutrition and malnutrition predisposing to diarrhea. ..

Perceived factors to providing palliative care for patients with cancer - a qualitative systematic review

Palliative care (PC) is one of the necessary cares given throughout a patient's experience with cancer. The aim of this study was to identify the perceived factors to providing PC for patients with cancer. Our study was a systematic review of qualitative literature. To this end, electronic databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Ovid, and Web of Science as well as Persian databases were searched and qualitative studies on the role of PC in patients with cancer published between Jan 2008 and Dec 2017 were selected. Generally, 12 studies were reviewed. A thematic synthesis approach was used to analyze the data. Exploring the selected articles, the findings on the perceived factors to providing PC for patients with cancer were categorized into three themes, including organizational factors, ethical factors, and psychological factors. This qualitative systematic review expands our knowledge about factors influencing the provision of PC for patients with cancer. It is necessary for health system managers and caregivers to pay attention to all aforesaid factors in order to improve PC for cancer patients

The assessment of lentiviral vectors application for gene transformation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs)

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: سلول های بنیادی پرتوان القایی Induced pluripotent stem cells= iPSc))، سلول های اولیه و تمایز نیافته ای هستند که قادر به ایجاد تقریباً هر نوع سلولی در بدن می باشند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تولید و استفاده مؤثر از وکتور لنتی ویروسی TetO-FUW-OSKM جهت انتقال ژن ها به سلول های فیبروبلاست انسانی ((HDFs= Human fibroblast cells و در نهایت ارزیابی عملکرد این وکتور بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی پس از جداسازی و کشت سلول های HDF، وکتور لنتی ویروسی TetO-FUW-OSKM (به عنوان پلاسمید انتقال دهنده) حاوی ژن های برنامه ریزی مجدد همراه با پلاسمیدهای PsPAX2 و PMDG2 (به عنوان پلاسمیدهای کمکی لازم برای بسته بندی ویروس) به لاین سلولی HEK-293T جهت تولید ویروس ها ترانسفکت شدند. محیط رویی سلول های HEK-293T حاوی ویروس های تولید شده پس از 48 و 72 ساعت برداشت شد و این ویروس ها جهت برنامه ریزی مجدد سلول های HDF به این سلول ها ترانس داکت گردیدند. یافته ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان دهنده تولید موفقیت آمیز وکتور لنتی ویروسی TetO-FUW-OSKM، کارایی مؤثر روش انتقال ژن با استفاده از وکتورهای لنتی ویروسی و بیان مناسب فاکتورهای رونویسی در سلول های HDF پس از ترانس داکشن بود. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به این یافته ها می توان از وکتورهای لنتی ویروسی جهت انتقال ژن و برنامه ریزی مجدد سلول های بالغ از قبیل HDF در مطالعات بعدی و تولید سلول های iPS استفاده کرد