The impact of negative social feedback on the sense of self of police officers in Cape Town

Bibliography: leaves 96-113.At a theoretical level, an extensive literature review established that police work is often characterised by negative social feedback and that such feedback can be linked to a number of negative consequences

Negative self-regard at work – Frustrating the need for self-enhancement and self-consistency

A positive and consistent sense of self is a key requirement for psychological well-being. Thirteen South African police officers and five police psychologists were interviewed to investigate the prevalence of negative social feedback received by officers and the consequences of such feedback on their sense of self. Negative social feedback and perceived lack of support from police management, courts, and government were widely prevalent and were seen to impact strongly on police officers. Officers had a largely negative view of themselves, their organisation, and the social context in which they operated. They engaged in dysfunctional and self-destructive behaviour and experienced significant discrepancies between their work and non-work selves. Opsomming Aanduidings uit die literatuur is dat navorsing aangaande bevoegdheidsevaluering gebrekkig is aan ’n teoretiese ondertoon. Ondersoek word ingestel na die kognitiewe prosesse wat plaasvind gedurende beoordeling wat aanduidend kan wees van die hoë persentasie variansie tussen evalueerders. Die beginsels van vyf verskillende kognitiewe teorieë word bespreek om moontlike verklarings te ondersoek, naamlik kognitiewe keuse-, kognitiewe evaluering-, sosiaal kognitieweteorieë, meta-kognitiewe- en die nuwe paradigma- benaderings

An Evaluation of the Consequences of Using Short Measures of the Big Five Personality Traits

Researchers often use very abbreviated (e.g., 1-item, 2-item) measures of personality traits due to their convenience and ease of use as well as the belief that such measures can adequately capture an individual’s personality. Using data from 2 samples (N = 437 employees, N = 355 college students), we show that this practice, particularly the use of single-item measures, can lead researchers to substantially underestimate the role that personality traits play in influencing important behaviors and thereby overestimate the role played by new constructs. That is, the use of very short measures of personality may substantially increase both the Type 1 and Type 2 error rates. We argue that even slightly longer measures can substantially increase the validity of research findings without significant inconvenience to the researcher or research participants

Revisiting the Power Pose Effect: How Robust Are the Results Reported by Carney, Cuddy, and Yap (2010) to Data Analytic Decisions?

The literature on the impact of expansive poses on biological and psychological variables is characterized by discrepant findings. These discrepant findings may, in part, be a function of differences in how data were analyzed. In this article, we use multiverse analysis to examine whether the findings reported in the original paper by Carney, Cuddy, and Yap are robust to plausible alternative data analytic specifications: outlier identification strategy, the specification of the dependent variable, and the use of control variables. Our findings indicate that the inferences regarding the presence and size of an effect on testosterone and cortisol are highly sensitive to data analytic specifications. We encourage researchers to routinely explore the influence of data analytic choices on statistical inferences and also encourage editors and reviewers to require explicit examinations of the influence of alternative data analytic specifications on the inferences that are drawn from data.This is a manuscript of an article published as Credé, Marcus, and Leigh A. Phillips. "Revisiting the power pose effect: How robust are the results reported by Carney, Cuddy, and Yap (2010) to data analytic decisions?" Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 5 (2017): 493-499. DOI: 10.1177%2F1948550617714584. Reprinted by permission of SAGE Publications.</p