Distribution of 43 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> Strains According to the Phylogenetic Group and Frequency of Virulence Genes.

<p>Distribution of 43 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> Strains According to the Phylogenetic Group and Frequency of Virulence Genes.</p

XbaI-PFGE dendrogram generated with the Bionumerics software based on the Dice similarity index indicating the genetic relatedness of 27 ExPEC O6-B2-ST73 strains from poultry.

<p><b>The level of similarity (%) is shown at the top</b>. A, B and C indicate the three pulsotypes. States: PR = Paraná, RS = Rio Grande do Sul, SC = Santa Catarina, SP = São Paulo. VFs = Virulence factor, SUL = Sulfonamides, TET = Tetracycline.</p

Pandemic extra-intestinal pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ExPEC) clonal group O6-B2-ST73 as a cause of avian colibacillosis in Brazil

<div><p>Extra-intestinal pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ExPEC) represent an emerging pathogen, with pandemic strains increasingly involved in cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacteremia, and meningitis. In addition to affecting humans, the avian pathotype of ExPEC, avian pathogenic <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (APEC), causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry. Several studies have revealed overlapping characteristics between APEC and human ExPEC, leading to the hypothesis of a zoonotic potential of poultry strains. However, the description of certain important pandemic clones, such as Sequence Type 73 (ST73), has not been reported in food sources. We characterized 27 temporally matched APEC strains from diverse poultry farms in Brazil belonging to the O6 serogroup because this serogroup is frequently described as a causal factor in UTI and septicemia in humans in Brazil and worldwide. The isolates were genotypically characterized by identifying ExPEC virulence factors, phylogenetically tested by phylogrouping and multilocus sequence type (MLST) analysis, and compared to determine their similarity employing the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique. The strains harbored a large number of virulence determinants that are commonly described in uropathogenic <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (UPEC) and sepsis associated <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (SEPEC) strains and, to a lesser extent in neonatal meningitis associated <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (NMEC), such as <i>pap</i> (85%), <i>sfa</i> (100%), <i>usp</i> (100%), <i>cnf</i>1 (22%), <i>kps</i>MTII (66%), <i>hly</i>A (52%), and <i>ibe</i>A (4%). These isolates also yielded a low prevalence of some genes that are frequently described in APEC, such as <i>iss</i> (37%), <i>tsh</i>, <i>omp</i>T, and <i>hly</i>F (8% each), and <i>cvi/cva</i> (0%). All strains were classified as part of the B2 phylogroup and sequence type 73 (ST73), with a cluster of 25 strains showing a clonal profile by PFGE. These results further suggest the zoonotic potential of some APEC clonal lineages and their possible role in the epidemiology of human ExPEC, in addition to providing the first description of the O6-B2-ST73 clonal group in poultry.</p></div

Distribution of 43 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> Strains According to the Phylogroup and Associated Features.

<p>Distribution of 43 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> Strains According to the Phylogroup and Associated Features.</p

Resistance Patterns of 27 Resistant Strains Among the 43 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> Isolated from Frigates.

<p>Resistance Patterns of 27 Resistant Strains Among the 43 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> Isolated from Frigates.</p

Prevalence of virulence markers in 27 strains of APEC O6-B2-ST73.

<p>Prevalence of virulence markers in 27 strains of APEC O6-B2-ST73.</p

Description of Strains, Sampling Sites, and Birds.

<p>Description of Strains, Sampling Sites, and Birds.</p