<i>S. cerevisiae</i> tolerance to plumbagin.

<p>Yeast cells harvested in mid log phase, were directly stressed with 7.0 μM plumbagin (white bars) or were previously treated with 0.5 μM plumbagin/1 h and then submitted to severe stress conditions (black bars). Tolerance was expressed as percentage of survival.</p

Effect of menadione and plumbagin on glutathione.

<p>The GSH and GSSG levels were expressed in nmols/mg of cell. Normal Growth refers to a non-stress condition while menadione or plumbagin stressed refers to cells stressed with 20 mM menadione or 7.0 μM plumbagin for 1 h, respectively. Menadione and Plumbagin treated and stressed refers to cells pre-treated with 0.5 mM menadione or 0.5 μM plumbagin for 1 h before being stressed with the same drugs. The means obtained for drug treated cells were compared with the normal growth condition of each strain using a t-student test and ^* represents statistically different results at <i>P</i><0.05.</p><p>ND–not determined.</p

Enhancement of lipid peroxidation in wild-type and Gtt deficient cells caused by plumbagin.

<p>The increase in lipid peroxidation was expressed as a ratio between the levels of lipid peroxidation of plumbagin stressed and non-stressed cells. Yeast cells, harvested in mid log phase, were directly stressed with 7.0 μM plumbagin (white bars) or were previously treated with 0.5 μM plumbagin before been submitted to severe plumbagin stress (black bars).</p

Determination of cellular response to naphthoquinones after cross-protection treatment.

<p>First exponential cells of the wild-type strain were submitted to a lethal stress either with 20 mM menadione or with 7.0 μM plumbagin (white bars), or were previously adapted with 0.5 mM menadione (gray bars) or 0.5 μM plumbagin (black bars).</p