Les conséquences nutritionnelles de la crise alimentaire et les réponses politiques : estimation d'un système de demande individuelle au Bangladesh

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2011-2012Dans un contexte où les prix des aliments sur le marché international tendent à la hausse et, à court terme, sont soumis à des fluctuations importantes, il est fondamental de mettre en place des politiques visant à assurer une nutrition suffisante et adéquate des groupes les plus vulnérables. La plupart des études sur le sujet se concentrent sur les effets « monétaires » de la crise et, en même temps, elles font l'hypothèse que les membres de chaque ménage partagent équitablement les conséquences néfastes des chocs sur les prix. Je propose une approche alternative, basée sur un système de demande de type AIDS {Almost Ideal Demand System) au Bangladesh, visant à mesurer les conséquences de la crise alimentaire sur la santé nutritionnelle des individus. De plus, les données disponibles me permettent de prendre en compte la dimension de l'allocation intrafamiliale des ressources. Mon approche est ainsi centrée sur les besoins des individus, plutôt que sur les besoins agrégés des ménages

Environmental, climatic, socio-economic factors and non-pharmacological interventions: A comprehensive four-domain risk assessment of COVID-19 hospitalization and death in Northern Italy

Introduction: Up to now, studies on environmental, climatic, socio-economic factors, and non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) show diverse associations, often contrasting, with COVID-19 spread or severity. Most studies used large-scale, aggregated data, with limited adjustment for individual factors, most of them focused on viral spread than severe outcomes. Moreover, evidence simultaneously evaluating variables belonging to different exposure domains is scarce, and none analysing their collective impact on an individual level. Methods: Our population-based retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the comprehensive role played by exposure variables belonging to four different domains, environmental, climatic, socio-economic, and non-pharmacological interventions (NPI), on individual COVID-19-related risk of hospitalization and death, analysing data from all patients (no. 68472) tested positive to a SARS-CoV-2 swab in Modena Province (Northern Italy) between February 2020 and August 2021. Using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, investigating dose-response relationships through restricted cubic spline modelling for hazard ratios. Results: Several significant associations emerged: long-term exposure to air pollutants (NO2, PM10, PM2.5) was linked to hospitalization risk in a complex way and showed an increased risk for death; while humidity was inversely associated; temperature showed a U-shaped risk; wind speed showed a linear association with both outcomes. Precipitation increased hospitalization risk but decreased mortality. Socio-economic and NPI indices showed clear linear associations, respectively negative and positive, with both outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings offer insights for evidence-based policy decisions, improving precision healthcare practices, and safeguarding public health in future pandemics. Refinement of pandemic response plans by healthcare authorities could benefit significantly

Phylogenetic representativeness: a new method for evaluating taxon sampling in evolutionary studies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Taxon sampling is a major concern in phylogenetic studies. Incomplete, biased, or improper taxon sampling can lead to misleading results in reconstructing evolutionary relationships. Several theoretical methods are available to optimize taxon choice in phylogenetic analyses. However, most involve some knowledge about the genetic relationships of the group of interest (i.e., the ingroup), or even a well-established phylogeny itself; these data are not always available in general phylogenetic applications.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We propose a new method to assess taxon sampling developing Clarke and Warwick statistics. This method aims to measure the "phylogenetic representativeness" of a given sample or set of samples and it is based entirely on the pre-existing available taxonomy of the ingroup, which is commonly known to investigators. Moreover, our method also accounts for instability and discordance in taxonomies. A Python-based script suite, called PhyRe, has been developed to implement all analyses we describe in this paper.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We show that this method is sensitive and allows direct discrimination between representative and unrepresentative samples. It is also informative about the addition of taxa to improve taxonomic coverage of the ingroup. Provided that the investigators' expertise is mandatory in this field, phylogenetic representativeness makes up an objective touchstone in planning phylogenetic studies.</p

Acquisto del legato e rispetto dell'autonomia privata: per una rilettura critica dell'art. 649 c.c.

Partendo da una revisione meditata della figura del legato e da una conseguente diversa messa a fuoco del fenomeno sotto il profilo sistematico, il saggio propone una ricostruzione del relativo meccanismo di acquisto che si discosta, in termini innovativi ma ponderati, rispetto ai crismi tradizionali e alla diffusa idea dell’acquisto ipso iure, proponendo altresì una prospettiva di rilettura dell’architettura complessiva del sistema di trasmissione e costituzione mortis causa dei diritti, con una riconsiderazione della dicotomia tra istituzione a titolo universale e a titolo particolare

Impossibilità ed inesigibilità nel debito di genere

L'opera affronta, attraverso una analisi volta anche all'approfondimento storico e comparatistico del tema, i complessi profili peculiari della responsabilità del debitore di genere, sottesi al brocardo latino genus numquam perit. Il volume rappresenta in qualche modo un unicum rispetto al tema trattato, che non è stato oggetto, in passato, di autonomo approfondimento monografico da parte della dottrina italiana: l'Autore propone, attraverso un percorso rigoroso, aderente al diritto positivo e connotato da molteplici esemplificazioni pratiche e riferimenti giurisprudenziali anche stranieri, una tecnica interpretativa volta a delimitare la responsabilità del debitore di genere in modo tale che essa non sia esposta ad una sorta di deriva, tale da esporre il debitore ad un rischio che troppo spesso finirebbe, in assenza di una attenta e puntuale considerazione, con il presentarsi come abnorme, non espressamente assunto e potenzialmente illimitato

Il consenso "complesso" nella procreazione medicalmente assistita

Il contributo prende in esame in una chiave analitica, dal punto di vista giusprivatistico, talune complesse questioni legate alla problematica del consenso nell'ambito della disciplina italiana della procreazione medicalmente assistita