Response to “Shear Impossibility—Comments on ‘Void Growth by Dislocation Emission’ and ‘Void Growth in Metals’”

We thank the authors of Ref. [1] for their comments and interest in our work [2], [3], [4], [5] and [6]. We agree that the emission of shear loops on one single shear plane cannot lead to void growth. However, our simulations suggest that coordinated shear on non-parallel planes can lead to void growth/shrinkage [3], [4] and [5]. Detailed descriptions of this process are still being worked out and represent an exciting area for future research. Thus, there seem to be two separate dislocation mechanisms operating either sequentially or simultaneously: shear and prismatic loop emission. Whereas prismatic loops are well known and have been extensively documented, the postulation of “special” shear loops is novel. The authors [1] have correctly pointed out that special restrictions need to be applied to these shear loops, something not mentioned in Refs. [2], [3], [4], [5] and [6].Fil: Bringa, Eduardo Marcial. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Lubarda, V. A.. University of California at San Diego; Estados UnidosFil: Meyers, M. A.. University of California at San Diego; Estados Unido

Evaluation of a Combined MHE-NMPC Approach to Handle Plant-Model Mismatch in a Rotary Tablet Press

The transition from batch to continuous processes in the pharmaceutical industry has been driven by the potential improvement in process controllability, product quality homogeneity, and reduction of material inventory. A quality-by-control (QbC) approach has been implemented in a variety of pharmaceutical product manufacturing modalities to increase product quality through a three-level hierarchical control structure. In the implementation of the QbC approach it is common practice to simplify control algorithms by utilizing linearized models with constant model parameters. Nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) can effectively deliver control functionality for highly sensitive variations and nonlinear multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which is essential for the highly regulated pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. This work focuses on developing and implementing NMPC in continuous manufacturing of solid dosage forms. To mitigate control degradation caused by plant-model mismatch, careful monitoring and continuous improvement strategies are studied. When moving horizon estimation (MHE) is integrated with NMPC, historical data in the past time window together with real-time data from the sensor network enable state estimation and accurate tracking of the highly sensitive model parameters. The adaptive model used in the NMPC strategy can compensate for process uncertainties, further reducing plant-model mismatch effects. The nonlinear mechanistic model used in both MHE and NMPC can predict the essential but complex powder properties and provide physical interpretation of abnormal events. The adaptive NMPC implementation and its real-time control performance analysis and practical applicability are demonstrated through a series of illustrative examples that highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach for different scenarios of plant-model mismatch, while also incorporating glidant effects

Lagrangian formulation for noncommutative nonlinear systems

In this work we use the well known formalism developed by Faddeev and Jackiw to introduce noncommutativity within two nonlinear systems, the SU(2) Skyrme and O(3) nonlinear sigma models. The final result is the Lagrangian formulations for the noncommutative versions of both models. The possibility of obtaining different noncommutative versions for these nonlinear systems is demonstrated.Comment: 8 pages. Revex 4.

From coinductive proofs to exact real arithmetic: theory and applications

Based on a new coinductive characterization of continuous functions we extract certified programs for exact real number computation from constructive proofs. The extracted programs construct and combine exact real number algorithms with respect to the binary signed digit representation of real numbers. The data type corresponding to the coinductive definition of continuous functions consists of finitely branching non-wellfounded trees describing when the algorithm writes and reads digits. We discuss several examples including the extraction of programs for polynomials up to degree two and the definite integral of continuous maps

Rodent arena tracker (RAT): A machine vision rodent tracking camera and closed loop control system

Video tracking is an essential tool in rodent research. Here, we demonstrate a machine vision rodent tracking camera based on a low-cost, open-source, machine vision camera, the OpenMV Cam M7. We call our device the rodent arena tracker (RAT), and it is a pocket-sized machine vision-based position tracker. The RAT does not require a tethered computer to operate and costs about $120 per device to build. These features make the RAT scalable to large installations and accessible to research institutions and educational settings where budgets may be limited. The RAT processes incoming video in real-time at 15 Hz and save

Natural infection by Strongyloides stercoralis in Pithecia monachus (Primates, Pitheciidae). First report in Peru

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar unos nematodos obtenidos post mortem del intestino delgado de Pithecia monachus criado en cautiverio en Iquitos, Perú. La identificación se hizo observando la morfología y anatomía de los especímenes hembras del intestino del hospedero y de machos y hembras obtenidos por cultivo. Todos los especímenes se identificaron como de Strongyloides stercoralis. Se concluye que esta especie se encuentra por primera vez en un primate en el Perú.The objective of the present work was to identify nematodes obtained post mortem from the small intestine of Pithecia monachus bred in captivity in Iquitos, Peru. The identification was made observing the morphology and anatomy of the female specimens of the intestine of the host and of males and females obtained by culture. All specimens were identified as Strongyloides stercoralis. It is concluded that this species is found for the first time in a primate in Peru

Ensayos de contrarresto químico de las malezas de fríjol en Colombia :

Fríjol-Phaseolus vulgari

A framework for the practical development of condition monitoring systems with application to the roller compactor

Implementing a condition-based maintenance strategy requires an effective condition monitoring (CM) system that can be complicated to develop and even harder to maintain. In this paper, we review the main complexities of developing condition monitoring systems and introduce a four-stage framework that can address some of these difficulties. The framework achieves this by first using process knowledge to create a representation of the process condition. This representation can be broken down into simpler modules, allowing existing monitoring systems to be mapped to their corresponding module. Data-driven models such as machine learning models could then be used to train the modules that do not have existing CM systems. Even though data-driven models tend to not perform well with limited data, which is commonly the case in the early stages of pharmaceutical process development, application of this framework to a pharmaceutical roller compaction unit shows that the machine learning models trained on the simpler modules can make accurate predictions with novel fault detection capabilities. This is attributed to the incorporation of process knowledge to distill the process signals to the most important ones vis-à-vis the faults under consideration. Furthermore, the framework allows the holistic integration of these modular CM systems, which further extend their individual capabilities by maintaining process visibility during sensor maintenance