Chemoprophylaxis of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy 1856) infection at a high challenge environment

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-03-08T16:20:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 norma_labarthe_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 577422 bytes, checksum: 4f95fa1d4224437b00166b3194133902 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-03-08T16:39:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 norma_labarthe_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 577422 bytes, checksum: 4f95fa1d4224437b00166b3194133902 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-08T16:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 norma_labarthe_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 577422 bytes, checksum: 4f95fa1d4224437b00166b3194133902 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Universidade Federal Fluminense. Faculdade de Veterinária. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Niterói, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Programa Institucional Biodiversidade e Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Médica Veterinária Vet Ypiranga. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Bayer S.A.. Bayer Technology Services. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Faculdade de Veterinária. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Background: The frequency of canine heartworm infection in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil was high before chemoprophylactic treatment was available, with one of the highest rates of infection (52.5 %) found among dogs living on the eastern shore of the state. Following the launch of a chemoprophylactic product, the rate of infection gradually decreased, and new infections were rarely reported. After 2005, outbreaks reported at the eastern shore as well as for new infections in other areas of high infection frequency were considered to possibly be related to reduced efficacy of macrocyclic lactones. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical heartworm preventatives from different drug families at the high challenge area of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: A total of 46 dogs, including animals negative for Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and antigen (Snap 4 Dx, IDEXX Laboratories, USA) at the initial screening were randomly allocated to two monthly treatment groups. Dogs in one group received topical moxidectin + imidacloprid and dogs in the other group received topical selamectin for eight consecutive months. Blood samples were obtained for microfilariae and antigen detection until the eleventh month after the first treatment. Dogs becoming microfilaremic or antigenemic on or before day 180 were considered to be infected prior to the first dose and were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 29 dogs completed the study, including 14 treated with moxidectin + imidacloprid and 15 treated with selamectin. No dogs treated with moxidectin + imidacloprid (0/14) became infected during the treatment period, whereas four dogs of the selamectin group (4/15) became infected. Conclusion: Topical moxidectin + imidacloprid is 100 % effective in preventing D. immitis infections in dogs living in a high challenge natural environment

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data