Le taux de croissance de l’offre de monnaie et arbitrage entre le taux d’inflation et le taux de chômage au Canada

This paper presents simulations results using a "Modified St. Louis Model" for Canada. These simulations identify opportunities of trade-off between inflation and unemployment rate. They reveal very slim opportunities of trade-off and demonstrate that any short-term gain in real output caused by monetary stimulus will have to be paid in term of compensating slower output growth to reduce inflationary expectations. This situation of no real trade-off shows up even if the model does not fully endogenize the exchange rate and international trade feedback of changes in money supply growth rate

Faut-il s’inquiéter pour nos revenus de retraite?

Présenter une vision aussi objective que possible de la situation des régimes de pension publics et privés du Québec et du Canada constitue l’objectif premier de ce texte. Les régimes de pensions publics financés par répartition ont accumulé d’énormes déficits actuariels envers les baby-boomers. Le vieillissement de la population touchant presque tous les pays industrialisés pose des défis de taille aux gouvernements. Plusieurs ajustements possibles sont envisagés, notamment d’augmenter rapidement les taux de cotisation afin de mettre à contribution les baby-boomers pendant qu’ils participent encore au marché du travail. Il est toutefois peu probable que ce seul changement sera suffisant pour financer les engagements envers la génération des baby-boomers.The objective of this paper is to present a realistic view of the private and public pensions schemes in Quebec and Canada. The public pension plans financed by "pay as you go" schemes have accumulated huge actuarial liabilities toward the baby boomer generation. The anticipations of adverse demographic trends pose huge challenges to the governments of all industrialised countries. Several corrective measures are proposed, including the quick increase in contribution rates in order to benefit from the contributions of the baby boomers that will still be in the labour force for the next fifteen years. This measure alone will probably not solve the long run problems of the Canadian and Quebec Pensions Plans as claim by the proponents of the current reform

O lugar da ficção na produção textual da Etnomatemática

This work highlights some of the aspects of the narrative inscribed in the world of Ubiratan D'Ambrosio's text and, in particular, that present in his works aimed at disseminating Ethnomathematics. The literary intersections made in the text and the field of possibilities opened by the fictionalization of stories in its writing stand out. The theoretical and methodological perspective is inspired by the Ricoeurian narratological hermeneutics and adopts the composition of the plot as the guiding thread of the analysis/interpretation.En esta obra se destacan algunos de los aspectos de la narrativa inscritos en el mundo del texto de Ubiratan D'Ambrosio y, en particular, el presente en sus obras destinadas a difundir la Etnomatemática. Destacan las intersecciones literarias realizadas en el texto y el campo de posibilidades que abre la ficcionalización de los relatos en su escritura. La perspectiva teórica y metodológica se inspira en la hermenéutica narratológica ricoeuriana y adopta la composición de la trama como hilo conductor del análisis / interpretación.Este trabalho evidencia alguns dos aspectos da narrativa inscrita no mundo do texto de Ubiratan D’Ambrosio e, em particular, aquela presente em suas obras destinadas a divulgação da Etnomatemática. Destacam-se as intersecções literárias efetuadas no plano do texto e o campo de possibilidades abertas pela ficcionalização das histórias em sua escrita. A perspectiva teórica e metodológica se inspira na hermenêutica narratológica ricoeuriana e adota a composição da intriga como fio condutor da análise/interpretação.&nbsp

Lugar da ficção na produção textual da Etnomatemática

This work highlights some of the aspects of the narrative inscribed in the world of Ubiratan D'Ambrosio's text and, in particular, that present in his works aimed at disseminating Ethnomathematics. The literary intersections made in the text and the field of possibilities opened by the fictionalization of stories in its writing stand out. The theoretical and methodological perspective is inspired by the Ricoeurian narratological hermeneutics and adopts the composition of the plot as the guiding thread of the analysis/interpretation.En esta obra se destacan algunos de los aspectos de la narrativa inscritos en el mundo del texto de Ubiratan D'Ambrosio y, en particular, el presente en sus obras destinadas a difundir la Etnomatemática. Destacan las intersecciones literarias realizadas en el texto y el campo de posibilidades que abre la ficcionalización de los relatos en su escritura. La perspectiva teórica y metodológica se inspira en la hermenéutica narratológica ricoeuriana y adopta la composición de la trama como hilo conductor del análisis / interpretación.Este trabalho evidencia alguns dos aspectos da narrativa inscrita no mundo do texto de Ubiratan D’Ambrosio e, em particular, aquela presente em suas obras destinadas a divulgação da Etnomatemática. Destacam-se as intersecções literárias efetuadas no plano do texto e o campo de possibilidades abertas pela ficcionalização das histórias em sua escrita. A perspectiva teórica e metodológica se inspira na hermenêutica narratológica ricoeuriana e adota a composição da intriga como fio condutor da análise/interpretação.&nbsp

Leakage Characteristics of Dual-Cannula Fenestrated Tracheostomy Tubes during Positive Pressure Ventilation: A Bench Study

This study compared the leakage characteristics of different types of dual-cannula fenestrated tracheostomy tubes during positive pressure ventilation. Fenestrated Portex® Blue Line Ultra®, TRACOE® twist, or Rüsch® Traceofix® tracheostomy tubes equipped with nonfenestrated inner cannulas were tested in a tracheostomy-lung simulator. Transfenestration pressures and transfenestration leakage rates were measured during positive pressure ventilation. The impact of different ventilation modes, airway pressures, temperatures, and simulated static lung compliance settings on leakage characteristics was assessed. We observed substantial differences in transfenestration pressures and transfenestration leakage rates. The leakage rates of the best performing tubes were <3.5% of the delivered minute volume. At body temperature, the leakage rates of these tracheostomy tubes were <1%. The tracheal tube design was the main factor that determined the leakage characteristics. Careful tracheostomy tube selection permits the use of fenestrated tracheostomy tubes in patients receiving positive pressure ventilation immediately after stoma formation and minimises the risk of complications caused by transfenestration gas leakage, for example, subcutaneous emphysema