Italian Democracy and Republic Between the Antifascist Victory and the Cold War

In tracing the birth and evolution of Italy’s republican institutions, one must consider the broader developments of the 20th century’s «Thirty Years War» and the influence that communism/anti-communism polarisation played in the country’s political life. This work traces the main stages of Italy’s political, social and economic «stabilisation», analysing the successive phases of De Gasperi centrism, opening to the left and the organic centre-left. The domestic and international dimensions are viewed in constant relation

A consistent description of the iron dimer spectrum with a correlated single-determinant wave function

We study the iron dimer by using an accurate ansatz for quantum chemical calculations based on a simple variational wave function, defined by a single geminal expanded in molecular orbitals and combined with a real space correlation factor. By means of this approach we predict that, contrary to previous expectations, the neutral ground state is $^7 \Delta$ while the ground state of the anion is $^8 \Sigma_g^-$, hence explaining in a simple way a long standing controversy in the interpretation of the experiments. Moreover, we characterize consistently the states seen in the photoemission spectroscopy by Leopold \emph{et al.}. It is shown that the non-dynamical correlations included in the geminal expansion are relevant to correctly reproduce the energy ordering of the low-lying spin states.Comment: 5 pages, submitted to the Chemical Physics Letter

DESIGN FOR DUCHENNE. Linee guida per il progetto di costruzione o ristrutturazione di abitazioni per famiglie Duchenne

La Duchenne è una rara forma di distrofia muscolare che colpisce 1 bambino maschio su 3.500. I primi sintomi compaiono attorno ai 2-5 anni e portano a una paralisi totale dei muscoli. Non è ancora stata trovata una terapia definitiva ma sono in corso molti trial di ricerca; grazie a tali sperimentazioni la vita dei pazienti si è notevolmente allungata e con essa anche la qualità della vita e le prospettive future sono migliorate. La normativa italiana relativa all’accessibilità di spazi e servizi è piuttosto obsoleta e non perfettamente attinente alle specifiche esigenze dei bambini affetti da Distrofia Muscolare di Duchenne (DMD). Pertanto questa ricerca si pone l’obiettivo di fornire linee guida mirate alla ristrutturazione o alla nuova costruzione di edifici residenziali in termini architettonici, spaziali, funzionali e di arredo-design. Tali indicazioni sono concepite in funzione delle esigenze di accessibilità-fruibilità di utenti con limitata capacità motoria e si rivolgono principalmente a genitori, progettisti e addetti ai lavori con la finalità di migliorare la qualità di vita dei fruitori, specificamente dei bambini distrofici e delle loro famiglie. Il principio metodologico al quale si è attenuta l’attività di ricerca è quello del design for all: metodo progettuale rivolto al soddisfacimento e all’inclusione della maggior quantità di utenti possibile. È da notare che in virtù della estrema complessità del quadro esigenziale derivante da una sindrome degenerativa severa come la DMD, le soluzioni identificate per le abitazioni di questi utenti possono essere applicate per moltissime disfunzionalità deambulatorie dovute ad altre cause, sia fisiologiche sia di altra natura

Guardando Oltralpe: la lunga marcia verso l’ouverture à gauche. Modello da imitare o incognita da evitare?

L’obiettivo del contributo è inserire il processo che ha condotto nel dicembre 1963 alla nascita del primo governo Moro di centro-sinistra nella più ampia evoluzione della storia politica europea e, in particolare, fornire il punto di vista che la politica francese ha offerto di questo percorso. Nello specifico il contributo cerca di mettere in rilievo una comparazione ‘implicita’ tra l’evoluzione del sistema politico istituzionale francese e quello italiano, così come è percepita dai principali partiti politici transalpini e dai loro organi di informazione. La convinzione è che si tratti di un punto di osservazione privilegiato dal momento che il centro-sinistra italiano segna il consolidarsi della cosiddetta «Repubblica dei partiti», mentre contemporaneamente, nel contesto francese, con il passaggio politico-istituzionale del 1958-1962 si struttura una Quinta Repubblica gollista, in antitesi al primato che proprio i partiti politici avevano svolto nei dodici anni di vita della Quarta Repubblica.Cet article a pour objectif d’insérer le processus qui a conduit à la naissance du premier gouvernement Moro (décembre 1963), le premier exécutif de centre-gauche avec des ministres socialistes, dans le cadre plus large de l’histoire politique européenne, en relevant notamment le point de vue de la politique française. En particulier, l’essai compare « implicitement » l’évolution des systèmes politiques institutionnels français et italien, telle qu’elle est perçue par les principaux partis français et par leurs quotidiens. Il s’agit d’un observatoire privilégié car le centre-gauche italien marque une consolidation de ce qu’on appelle la « République des partis », tandis que, dans le contexte français, avec la transition politico-institutionnelle qui a lieu entre 1958 et 1962, se structure une Cinquième République gaulliste, antithétique à la primauté que les partis politiques avaient exercée pendant les douze années de vie de la Quatrième République.The aim of this paper is to place the process that led to the birth of the first centre-left Moro government with the participation of Socialist ministers in December 1963 in the context of the broader evolution of European political history and to take into account the viewpoint of French politics on this process. The paper highlights an “implicit” parallelism between the evolution of the French institutional political system and that of the Italian system, as perceived by the main political parties in France and in their media. The author finds interesting that at a time when the Italian centre-left strengthened the so-called “Republic of the parties”, in France, with the political-institutional transition of 1958–1962, a Gaullist Fifth Republic was emerging, in strong contrast to the previous domination of the political parties during the twelve years of the Fourth Republic

Polarity Control at Runtime:from Circuit Concept to Device Fabrication

Semiconductor device research for digital circuit design is currently facing increasing challenges to enhance miniaturization and performance. A huge economic push and the interest in novel applications are stimulating the development of new pathways to overcome physical limitations affecting conventional CMOS technology. Here, we propose a novel Schottky barrier device concept based on electrostatic polarity control. Specifically, this device can behave as p- or n-type by simply changing an electric input bias. This device combines More-than-Moore and Beyond CMOS elements to create an efficient technology with a viable path to Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI). This thesis proposes a device/circuit/architecture co-optimization methodology, where aspects of device technology to logic circuit and system design are considered. At device level, a full CMOS compatible fabrication process is presented. In particular, devices are demonstrated using vertically stacked, top-down fabricated silicon nanowires with gate-all-around electrode geometry. Source and drain contacts are implemented using nickel silicide to provide quasi-symmetric conduction of either electrons or holes, depending on the mode of operation. Electrical measurements confirm excellent performance, showing Ion/Ioff > 10^7 and subthreshold slopes approaching the thermal limit, SS ~ 60mV/dec (~ 63mV/dec) for n(p)-type operation in the same physical device. Moreover, the shown devices behave as p-type for a polarization bias (polarity gate voltage, Vpg) of 0V, and n-type for a Vpg = 1V, confirming their compatibility with multi-level static logic circuit design. At logic gate level, two- and four-transistor logic gates are fabricated and tested. In particular, the first fully functional, two-transistor XOR logic gate is demonstrated through electrical characterization, confirming that polarity control can enable more compact logic gate design with respect to conventional CMOS. Furthermore, we show for the first time fabricated four- transistors logic gates that can be reconfigured as NAND or XOR only depending on their external connectivity. In this case, logic gates with full swing output range are experimentally demonstrated. Finally, single device and mixed-mode TCAD simulation results show that lower Vth and more optimized polarization ranges can be expected in scaled devices implementing strain or high-k technologies. At circuit and system level, a full semi-custom logic circuit design tool flow was defined and configured. Using this flow, novel logic libraries based on standard cells or regular gate fabrics were compared with standard CMOS. In this respect, results were shown in comparison to CMOS, including a 40% normalized area-delay product reduction for the analyzed standard cell libraries, and improvements of over 2× in terms of normalized delay for regular Controlled Polarity (CP)-based cells in the context of Structured ASICs. These results, in turn, confirm the interest in further developing and optimizing CP devices, as promising candidates for future digital circuit technology

Swollen Optic Disc and Sinusitis

Purpose: To present a case of optic disc swelling caused by sinusitis. Methods: Ocular symptoms were investigated using computed tomography imaging of the facial bones to detect the relationship between the sinus inflammation and the optic nerve. Results: A particular configuration of the optic nerve was detected. Optic nerve course through the inflamed sphenoidal sinus is a condition associated with a greater risk of inflammation. Conclusion: Sinusitis is a rare but treatable cause of optic neuritis. The choice of the correct radiological investigation to be done to set up a proper treatment of the sinus pathological condition is also essential for the resolution of ocular symptoms

On the Query Strategies for Efficient Online Active Distillation

Deep Learning (DL) requires lots of time and data, resulting in high computational demands. Recently, researchers employ Active Learning (AL) and online distillation to enhance training efficiency and real-time model adaptation. This paper evaluates a set of query strategies to achieve the best training results. It focuses on Human Pose Estimation (HPE) applications, assessing the impact of selected frames during training using two approaches: a classical offline method and a online evaluation through a continual learning approach employing knowledge distillation, on a popular state-of-the-art HPE dataset. The paper demonstrates the possibility of enabling training at the edge lightweight models, adapting them effectively to new contexts in real-time

Use of Carbon Nitrides as Photoactive Supports in Single‐Atom Heterogeneous Catalysis for Synthetic Purposes

In recent years, the field of dual photocatalysis has become an increasingly popular tool for the functionalization of organic substrates under mild operative conditions. Single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs), where the metal atoms are stabilized by means of properly structured photoactive supports, are currently one of the frontiers of this research field. To this end, Carbon Nitrides (CNs) have emerged as ideal two-dimensional semiconducting supports, capable of stabilizing single metal sites (for instance: nickel, iron, among other) through nitrogen-rich structures. This Concept highlights the recent advances in the synthesis of carbon nitride-based SACs and their applications in light-driven dual-catalytic processes, also providing forward-looking opportunities within this research area