Effect of operational parameters and Pd/In catalyst in the reduction of nitrate using copper electrode

Water with high concentration of nitrate may cause damage to health and to the environment. This study investigated how concentration, current density, flow, pH, the use of Pd/In catalyst and operating mode (constant current density and constant cell potential) have an influence in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate and in the formation of gaseous compounds using copper electrode. Experiments were performed in two-compartment electrolytic cells separated by a cationic membrane with nitrate model solutions prepared as a surrogate of concentrated brines from membrane desalination plants. The results show that the electroreduction process has potential for reduction of nitrate and that it is influenced by the operational conditions. The best conditions found for the treatment - with satisfactory reduction of nitrate, formation of compounds and reproducibility - were at nitrate concentrations of 600 and 1000 mg.L-1, current density of 1.1 mA.cm-2 and without pH control, since in these conditions the production of gaseous compounds is higher than the production of nitrite. When Pd/In catalyst was used, the nitrate reduction was 50% after 6 hours of experiment and the predominant product were gaseous compounds. When compared to the experiment without the catalyst, the arrangement with Pd/In was the most efficient one.Fil: Beltrame, Thiago Favarini. Ufrgds Lacor; BrasilFil: Coelho, Vanessa. Ufrgds Lacor; BrasilFil: Marder, Luciano. Ufrgds Lacor; BrasilFil: Ferreira, Jane Zoppas. Ufrgds Lacor; BrasilFil: Marchesini, Fernanda Albana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Bernardes, Andrea Moura. Ufrgds Lacor; Brasi

Synthesis design of Cu/Al2O3 catalysts to decrease copper leaching in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol

This work aims to study the catalytic performance of Cu/Al2O3 catalysts in the catalytic reaction of oxidation of phenol. The addition of La and Mn to Al2O3 support and the calcination temperature influence on the catalytic performance and Cu leaching were studied. The addition of either La or Mn to the support triggered less Cu leaching compared to the unmodified support. The catalysts modified with Mn and calcined at 650ºC and 900 °C yielded low Cu leaching values and high phenol conversions at 120 min of reaction, achieving total consumption of H2O2. The catalysts prepared in the same way but modified with La and calcined at 900 °C, achieved 100% phenol conversion and higher TOC conversion. Copper leaching was higher when the support was modified with La, but improved when compared to the unmodified support, suggesting that the presence of Mn allowed a better anchoring of Cu on the support. However, this was not beneficial for the reaction since a certain amount of Cu in the homogeneous phase was required for the reaction to start. Cu-La-Al2O3 showed stability after consecutive reaction cycles with the corresponding calcinations in each cycle.Fil: Sacco, Nicolás Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Lovato, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Marchesini, Fernanda Albana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Devard, Alejandra Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; Argentin

Nitrate reduction by electrochemical processes using copper electrode: Evaluating operational parameters aiming low nitrite formation

This work aims to present different electroreduction and electrocatalytic processes configurations to treat nitrate contaminated water. The parameters tested were: current density, cell potential, electrode potential, pH values, cell type and catalyst use. It was found that the nitrite ion is present in all process variations used, being the resulting nitrite concentration higher in an alkaline pH. The increase in current density on galvanostatic operation mode provides a greater reduction of nitrate (64%, 1.4 mA cm-2) if compared to the potentiostatic (20%) and constant cell potential (37%) configurations. In a dual-chamber cell the nitrate reduction with current density of 1.4 mA cm-2 was tested and obtained as a NO3- reduction of 85%. The use of single chamber cell presented 32 + 3% of nitrate reduction, indicating that in this cell type the nitrate reduction is smaller than in dual-chamber cell (64%). The presence of a Pd catalyst with 3.1% wt. decreased the nitrite (1.0 N-mg L-1) and increased the gaseous compounds (9.4 N-mg L-1) formation. The best configuration showed that, by fixing the current density, the highest nitrate reduction is obtained and the pH presents a significant influence during the tests. The use of the catalyst decreased the nitrite and enhanced the gaseous compounds formation.Fil: Beltrame, Thiago Favarini. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Miranda Zoppas, Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Ferreira, J. Z.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Marchesini, Fernanda Albana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Bernardes, Andrea Moura. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi

Tratamiento de concentrados de nitrato de plantas de desalinización de agua por reducción catalítica: utilización de catalizador Pd, In/Al2O3 de baja carga metálica

El nitrato es un contaminante persistente en aguas superficiales y subterráneas. Entre las posibles técnicas de tratamiento, se ha propuesto la reducción catalítica. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la posibilidad de tratar agua con una alta concentración de nitrato, utilizando el proceso de reducción catalítica, a través del uso de un catalizador con baja carga metálica (Pd:In/γ-Al2O3, 1:0.25 %wt). Además se evaluó la eliminación del nitrato utilizando ácido fórmico como agente reductor, como una forma a aportar nueva información sobre la aplicación de este ácido en concentrados provenientes de electrodiálisis. De las condiciones evaluadas, los pH 4 y 5 fueron las mejores condiciones encontradas para obtener total conversión de nitratos. De las condiciones que promovieron total reducción del nitrato, la mejor selectividad hacia N2 fue obtenida a pH 4 (97,1%). La caracterización de los catalizadores mostró que las partículas metálicas están bien dispersas en la superficie. Este estudio sugiere que el ácido fórmico puede ser utilizado con alta eficiencia en la reducción catalítica de concentrados de electrodiálisis. Además, la baja carga metálica utilizada presentó resultados muy prometedores para futuras aplicaciones.Nitrate is a persistent contaminant in ground and surface water. Among the possible treatment techniques, the catalytic reduction was proposed as promissory one. This work aims to treat water with high nitrate concentration with catalytic reduction process, using low noble metal loading catalyst (Pd:In/γ-Al2O3, 1:0.25 %wt ).In addition, the elimination of nitrate was evaluated using formic acid as a reducing agent, in order to provide new information about the application of formic acid in electrodialysis concentrates. Between studied conditions, the pH 4 and 5 were found as the best ones to obtain total nitrate conversion. The best selectivity towards N2was obtained at pH 4 (97.1%). The catalysts characterization showed that metallic nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed on the surface. This study showed that formic acid could be used with high efficiency for the catalytic reduction of nitrates concentrates. In addition, the low metal loading used in the catalysts presented very promising results in future applications.Fil: Miranda Zoppas, Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Bernardes, A. M.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Miro, Eduardo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Marchesini, Fernanda Albana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaXXVI Congresso Iberoamericano de CatáliseCoimbraPortugalSociedade Portuguesa de QuímicaUniversidade de Coimbr

Eliminación catalítica de nitratos empleando catalizadores bimetálicos de Pd/In y ácido fórmico como agente reductor: estudio de la aplicación a muestras de aguas naturales de la región del litoral argentino

El ion nitrato es un contaminante silente de las aguas de la región del Litoral argentino. Su consumo crónico se asocia al desarrollo de diversos tipos de enfermedades tales como para neonatos el síndrome del niño azul y para adultos se lo reconoce como un disparador de diferentes tipos de cáncer. Existen numerosas tecnologías para la disminución de la concentración de nitratos en el agua, entre ellas se pueden enumerar la desnitrificación biológica, la osmosis inversa y la electrodiálisis. Todas estas tecnologías están bien desarrolladas y puestas a punto en lo que respecta a su aplicación, pero por ejemplo las dos últimas generan concentrados de iones que es necesario tratar antes de verterlos en el medio ambiente. La tecnología catalítica, que aún no es ampliamente difundida, propone un método avanzado de eliminación de nitratos a través del uso de catalizadores bimetálicos, dupla Pd:In, soportados en óxidos de alta superficie, por ejemplo Al2O3, que en presencia de un reductor catalizan la reducción de los nitratos en forma selectiva hacia N2(g). En este capítulo se presentan los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de un catalizador de Pd,In/Al2O3 1:0,25 %wt, para la eliminación de nitratos, empleando ácido fórmico como fuente alternativa de hidrógeno y como agente amortiguador del pH en forma simultánea. Se obtuvieron excelentes conversiones en las muestras sintéticas de agua (100% de conversión a los 120 min y buena selectividad a N2 (g)) pero en las muestras reales la presencia de los iones naturales actuó negativamente sobre la capacidad catalítica del sistema reduciendo las conversiones de nitrato. Es necesario el estudio sistemático del efecto de los iones presentes en el agua sobre el sistema catalítico.O íon nitrato consiste em um poluente das águas da região do litoral argentino. Seu consumo está associado ao desenvolvimento de diferentes tipos de doenças, como a síndrome do bebê azul e, para adultos, consiste em uma molécula potencialmente cancerígena. Existem inúmeras tecnologias para reduzir a concentração de nitratos na água, entre as quais a desnitrificação biológica, a osmose reversa e a eletrodiálise. Todas essas tecnologias são bem desenvolvidas e aperfeiçoadas em termos de sua aplicação, mas, por exemplo, a osmose reversa e a eletrodiálise geram concentrados do íon que necessitam de posterior tratamento. A tecnologia catalítica, que ainda não é muito difundida, propõe um método avançado de remoção do nitrato por meio da utilização de catalisadores bimetálicos, Pd:In, suportados em óxidos de alta superfície, por exemplo, Al2 O3 , que na presença de um redutor proporciona seletividade para N2(g). Neste capítulo são apresentados os resultados da utillização de Pd,In/Al2 O3 1:0,25% em peso, para a remoção de nitratos, utilizando ácido fórmico como fonte alternativa de hidrogénio e, simultaneamente, como agente para controle de pH. Excelentes conversões foram obtidas em amostras de água sintética (conversão a 100% em 120 minutos e uma boa selectividade em N2(g)), mas em amostras reais a presença de outros íons presentes atuaram de forma negativa sobre a capacidade do sistema catalítico, reduzindo as conversões de nitrato. Logo faz-se necessário um estudo sistemático do efeito dos íons presentes na água sobre o sistema catalítico.Fil: Miranda Zoppas, Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Beltrame, Thiago. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Bernardes, Andrea Moura. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Miro, Eduardo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Marchesini, Fernanda Albana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; Argentin

Desarrollo de catalizadores de cobre soportados sobre esferas de celulosa para eliminar contaminantes emergentes en agua

Los contaminantes emergentes se encuentran frecuentemente en los efluentes acuosos deindustrias químicas, farmacéuticas y petroquímicas, siendo los procesos de oxidación avanzada(POA), tales como oxidación catalítica húmeda con H 2 O 2 (CWPO) una buena opción paraeliminarlos. En este trabajo se plantea el uso de catalizadores preparados a partir de celulosaestructurada en esferas como soporte de nanopartículas de cobre. Un método ecológico se empleapara sintetizar in situ el cobre en presencia de ácido ascórbico como agente reductor del precursorde cobre. La forma esférica permite su fácil recuperación, además de tratarse de una matrizorgánica, económica, renovable y biodegradable, para eliminar fenol, el cual se emplea típicamentecomo molécula sonda de contaminantes emergentes. Los resultados mostraron que la actividad delos catalizadores no está directamente vinculada con la concentración de cobre depositado en lasesferas. Si bien deberá mejorarse la eficiencia de los catalizadores respecto a la conversión decarbono orgánico total, las conversiones de fenol logradas a los 120 minutos de reacción, en generalfueron superiores al 90 %.Emerging contaminant are frequently found in aqueous effluents of chemical, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries, being advanced oxidation processes such as H2 O2 wet catalytic oxidation a good option to eliminate them. The present work proposes the use of different catalysts prepared from structured cellulose in beads as a support for copper nanoparticles synthesized in situ by an ecological method, in which ascorbic acid is used as a reducing agent of the copper precursor. The beads shape allows its easy recovery, being an organic, economic, renewable and biodegradable matrix to eliminate phenol used as a probe molecule of emerging contaminants. Results show that the catalysts activity is not directly related to the copper concentration deposited in the beads. While the efficiency of catalysts regarding total organic carbon conversion must be improved, phenol conversions achieved at 120 minutes of reaction, were in general greater than 90 %.Fil: Nudel, Exequiel Nicolas. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología Celulósica; ArgentinaFil: Olmos, Graciela Viviana. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología Celulósica; ArgentinaFil: Devard, Alejandra Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Marchesini, Fernanda Albana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Taleb, María Claudia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología Celulósica; Argentin

Study of the interactions of Pd,In with SiO 2 and Al 2O 3 mixed supports as catalysts for the hydrogenation of nitrates in water

This paper shows that the combination of Al 2O 3 and SiO 2 as supports of Pd and In allows the modulation of the catalytic properties of nitrate hydrogenation in water in order to improve nitrate conversion and decrease the formation of ammonia. Mechanical mixtures of monometallic catalysts subjected to reduction in hydrogen at 450°C are efficient catalysts when Pd is supported on Al 2O 3 and In is supported on SiO 2, thus showing considerably high activity and selectivity to gaseous nitrogen compounds when the proportions are 75 wt.% of Pd/Al 2O 3 and 25 wt.% of In/SiO 2. When these monometallic catalysts are reduced separately and then mixed in situ in the batch reactor, a moderate activity for nitrate reduction is obtained, suggesting that either some migration of In or Pd occurs in solution generating the bimetallic sites that are necessary to activate nitrateions, or that a loose contact between In and Pd is enough to initiate the reaction. This contact could be favored by the opposite pzc of both supports.Fil: Marchesini, Fernanda Albana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Picard, N.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Miro, Eduardo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; Argentin

Nitrate Reduction of Brines from Water Desalination Plants Employing a Low Metallic Charge Pd, In Catalyst and Formic Acid as Reducing Agent

Abstract: Brines from desalination plants lead to adverse environmental impact; therefore, their treatment by catalytic reduction has become a topic of increasing interest. This work aims to apply catalytic reduction to the treatment of water with high nitrate concentration, employing a low noble metal loading in the catalyst (Pd 1%, In 0.25%). Catalytic nitrate removal was evaluated under various conditions, e.g. at different pH values, by assessing the N2 stripping effect, and by modifying the method of pH correction. A change on the final step of the synthesis was also evaluated as well as the reduction of the active phase by means of H2 flux or by the reduction in the aqueous phase with hydrazine. The synthesis method through hydrazine reduction showed catalytic activity and selectivity comparable to those shown by the hydrogen-reduction method. It was found that activity and selectivity can be manipulated. The ratio between nitrate eliminated and Pd mass employed proved to be very high, and among the best ratios reported so far. The best conditions to obtain total nitrate conversion were obtained when the pH was controlled between 4 and 5. The stripping with N2 to the reaction media resulted in lower selectivity to ammonium. The hydrazine-reduced catalyst characterization showed that the nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface and had an indium: palladium surface ratio higher than that in the bulk, while the H2-reduced catalyst had more Pd on the surface with lower dispersion.Fil: Miranda Zoppas, Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; Argentina. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Bernardes, Andrea Moura. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Miro, Eduardo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Marchesini, Fernanda Albana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; Argentin

Improving selectivity to dinitrogen using Palladium-Indium coated on activated carbon fibers: Preparation, characterization and application in water-phase nitrate reduction using formic acid as an alternative reductant source

This work reports results on the preparation, characterization and application of activated carbon fibers as structured catalysts used in the decontamination of water containing nitrates. Activated carbon fibers were coated with Pd and In using sequential autocatalytic deposition. Besides, the efficiency of decontamination was evaluated when formic acid was used as a source of hydrogen. Different operating conditions were studied for conversion of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen in the aqueous phase, using Palladium and Indium as active phases. Concerning the selectivity to N2 of the catalysts evaluated at the same conversion (10%), all catalysts showed selectivity to gaseous nitrogen greater than 99%, demonstrating the high potential of carbon fibers as a structured catalyst support to nitrate reduction. The surface characteristics of the bimetallic catalyst were investigated by temperature-programmed oxidation, temperature-programmed reduction, dynamic H2 chemisorption, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showing that the metals were homogeneously distributed on the catalyst surface.Fil: Miranda Zoppas, Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; Argentina. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Bernardes, Andrea Moura. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Miro, Eduardo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Marchesini, Fernanda Albana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; Argentin

Photoelectrochemical Degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern with Special Attention on the Removal of Acetaminophen in Water-Based Solutions

Despite being an indispensable medium for life and the environment, the deterioration of water quality continues to be a matter of great concern for the scientific community since this problem has generated the need to develop processes for water treatment. Among the wide variety of types of contaminants, the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) has become an issue of global concern, since they are present in water in low concentrations and can persist in the environment, bioaccumulate and be toxic to human health and aquatic biota. Among CECs, this review focuses on pharmaceutical removal; what favorable effects they have on human and animal health are widely recognized, but the consequences or risks associated with the constant disposal of these products to the environment, through the manufacturing process, consumption, biological excretion or inappropriate disposal, are an area under constant study. The presence of pharmaceuticals in water represents a high risk to the environment because they contain active ingredients that were designed to induce specific pharmacological effects but, when dissolved in water, reach non-target populations and cause undesirable toxicological effects. This review pays attention to the photoelectrochemical removal of paracetamol (PTM), as a model molecule, from water, employing different photoactive materials (TiO2, BiVO4, ZnO and tungsten oxides) and the main parameters affecting their performance. The main goal of the present review is to facilitate future researchers to design their experiments concerning the PEC processes for the degradation of pharmaceuticals, specially PTM, and the existing limitations of each system.Fil: Sacco, Nicolás Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Marchesini, Fernanda Albana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Gamba, Ilaria. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: García, Gonzalo. Universidad de La Laguna; Españ