Increase in serum S100B protein level after a swimming

Catalogue Data Abstract/Résumé Physical activity has been shown to be a beneficial stimulus to the central and peripheral nervous systems. The S100B is a cytokine physiologically produced and released predominantly by astrocytes on the central nervous system (CNS). In order to study the possible influence of a nonimpact exercise on S100B serum levels, we measured this protein serum level after a 7,600-meter swimming race. We observed an increase in S100B levels in athletes post-race compared with their baseline values, pointing to a potential acute influence of physical exercise on serum S100B levels not related with CNS injury. We discuss this result and emphasize the possible central and peripheral origins of S100B serum levels. Les bénéfices de l'activité physique sur les systèmes nerveux central et périphérique ne sont plus à prouver. Les S100B sont des cytokines produites physiologiquement et surtout libérées par les astrocytes du système nerveux central (CNS). Pour étudier l'effet potentiel d'une activité physique sans impact, nous avons mesuré les concentrations sériques de cette protéin

Netosis and Inflammasomes in Large Vessel Occlusion Thrombi

The inflammatory response appears to play a critical role in clotting in which neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are the major drivers of thrombosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The inflammasome is an innate immune complex involved in the activation of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β through caspase-1, but whether the inflammasome plays a role in NETosis in AIS remains poorly understood. Here we assessed the levels of inflammasome signaling proteins in NETs and their association with clinical and procedural outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for AIS. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence indicate the presence of NETs in thrombi of patients with AIS. Moreover, the inflammasome signaling proteins caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) were also present in clots associated with the marker of NETosis citrullinated histone H (CitH3). Analysis of protein levels by a simple plex assay show that caspase-1, ASC and interleukin (IL)-1β were significantly elevated in clots when compared to plasma of AIS patients and healthy controls, while IL-18 levels were lower. Moreover, multivariate analyses show that IL-1β levels in clots contribute to the number of passes to achieve complete recanalization, and that ASC, caspase-1 and IL-18 are significant contributors to time to recanalization. Thus, inflammasome proteins are elevated in NETs present in thrombi of patients with AIS that contribute to poor outcomes following stroke.

Ghrelin-immunopositive hypothalamic neurons tie the circadian clock and visual system to the lateral hypothalamic arousal center

Ghrelin, a circulating gut-hormone, has emerged as an important regulator of growth hormone release and appetite. Ghrelin-immunopositive neurons have also been identified in the hypothalamus with a unique anatomical distribution. Here, we report that ghrelin-labeled neurons receive direct synaptic input from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the central circadian timekeeper of th