Lempel-Ziv complexity group values—comparison to a black screen baseline.

<p>Left panel: overall activations/deactivations (F test) group values. Middle panel: Lempel-Ziv complexity values for activations only (positive T test) Right panel: Lempel-Ziv complexity values for deactivations only (negative T test). For display purposes, each subject’s Lempel-Ziv complexity was normalized by its individual maximum value across all conditions. Bar graphs show group mean and standard error of the mean in each condition.</p

Lempel-Ziv complexity of brain activity correlates with stimulus set meaningfulness—comparison to the sequence mean.

<p>Figure displays differentiated brain activity patterns for movie, scrambled movie, and ‘TV noise’ stimulus sequences for the representative subject also used in Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0125337#pone.0125337.g002" target="_blank">2</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0125337#pone.0125337.g003" target="_blank">3</a>. Brain activity patterns over time are highly differentiated in the movie condition, intermediate in the scrambled movie condition, and very low in the ‘TV noise’ condition. Brain maps are here expressed in terms of significant changes in activity as compared to the within-session mean (F-test) thresholded at whole brain FWE corrected p<0.05 for each frame. Top panel displays binarized spatio-temporal activation/deactivation matrices obtained for the 3 conditions after statistical thresholding was applied—where a value of 1 was assigned to above threshold voxels for each scan, and a value of zero to voxels below threshold. For display purposes, binarized activation matrices are displayed only for the voxels that show at least once a significant activation in the movie (data dimension reduction from 94000 to ~900 voxels). Lempel-Ziv complexity was computed at the whole brain activation matrix encompassing 94000 voxels in each condition.</p

fMRI activation/deactivation Lempel-Ziv complexity results—comparison to the session mean.

<p>Individual values for activation/deactivation Lempel Ziv complexity as compared to the session in the movie, scrambled movie and 'TV noise' conditions. Table shows the original values, then normalized complexity values scaled by the maximum of each subject, with group mean and standard error of the mean (used in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0125337#pone.0125337.g006" target="_blank">Fig 6</a>) for overall activations/deactivations (F tests) and for the activations and deactivations (T tests) considered separately. sem: standard error of the mean.</p><p>fMRI activation/deactivation Lempel-Ziv complexity results—comparison to the session mean.</p

fMRI activation/deactivation Lempel-Ziv complexity results for the differentiation analysis comparing each volume BOLD signal to a black screen baseline.

<p>Individual values for activation/deactivation complexity in the movie, scrambled movie and 'TV noise' conditions when BOLD activity at each time point is compared to BOLD activity values for a blank screen baseline. Table shows the original values, then normalized complexity values scaled by the maximum of each subject, with group mean and standard error of the mean for overall activations/deactivations (F tests) and for the activations and deactivations (T tests) considered separately. sem: standard error of the mean.</p><p>fMRI activation/deactivation Lempel-Ziv complexity results for the differentiation analysis comparing each volume BOLD signal to a black screen baseline.</p

Group results for Lempel-ziv complexity analyses—comparison to the sequence mean.

<p>Lempel-Ziv complexity values for movie, scrambled movie, and 'TV noise'. Left panel: overall activations/deactivations (F test) group values. Middle panel: complexity values for activations only (positive T test) Right panel: complexity values for deactivations only (negative T test). For display purposes, each subject’s Lempel-Ziv complexity was normalized by its individual maximum value across all conditions. Bar graphs show group mean and standard error of the mean in each condition.</p

Group results for Integrated information Φ* analyses.

<p>Integrated information Φ* results for the movie, scrambled movie, and ‘TV noise’ conditions. Colors of bars represent conditions (dark gray: movie, medium gray: scrambled movie, light gray: TV noise). Upper left panel: the group-mean of Φ* calculated by using time lag of 4 second and ROI set 1. Error bar represents standard error of the mean for each measure in each condition. Asterisks indicate significant differences of the group means (p<0.05, corrected). Upper right panel: the group-mean of Φ* calculated by using time lag of 4 second and ROI set 2. Lower panel: Φ* calculated in our representative subject with ROI set 1, showing robust results across different time lags (1–10 seconds). In this panel, error bar indicates standard deviation of the mean for 1000 sets of 80 ROIs (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0125337#sec002" target="_blank">Methods</a>).</p

Lempel-Ziv complexity of brain activity correlates with stimulus set meaningfulness—comparison to a black screen baseline.

<p>Results shown for a representative subject (same subject as for <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0125337#pone.0125337.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>). For each condition, rectangles in the left column show exemplar pixels at the center of the screen of each frame, illustrating that all stimulus set present a high level of physical differentiation over time. In contrast, brain activity patterns over time are highly differentiated in the movie condition, intermediately differentiated in the scrambled movie condition, and very similar to one another in the ‘TV noise’ condition. Brain maps are here expressed in terms of significant changes in activity as compared to a black screen baseline (F-test, thresholded at whole brain FWE corrected p<0.05 for each frame). Top panel displays binarized spatio-temporal activation/deactivation matrices obtained for the 3 conditions after statistical thresholding was applied: a value of 1 was assigned to above threshold voxels for each scan, and a value of zero to voxels below threshold. For display purposes, binarized activation matrices are displayed only for the voxels that show at least once a significant activation in the movie (data dimension reduction from 94000 to ~7000 voxels). Lempel-Ziv complexity was computed at the whole brain activation matrix encompassing 94000 voxels in each condition.</p

Block design overall activation versus a black screen baseline.

<p>Block design overall activation group results for movie, scrambled movie and 'TV noise' as compared to a black screen baseline. All results are thresholded at whole-brain family wise error corrected p<0.05. L: left. R: right. MOG: middle occipital gyrus. MTG: Middle temporal gyrus. P values are thresholded at p<0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons using whole-brain family-wise error rate.</p><p>Block design overall activation versus a black screen baseline.</p

Block design results for movie, scrambled movie and ‘TV noise’ sequences.

<p>Figure displays overall brain activation for movie, scrambled movie and ‘TV noise’ sequences as measured in the block design paradigm. Results shown in a representative subject for T contrasts comparing movie, scrambled movie and ‘TV noise’ to a black screen baseline, thresholded at whole brain FWE corrected p<0.05.</p

Divergence Index of all pairwise comparisons between TMS-evoked potentials.

<p>Single DI values computed over the entire post-stimulus period (250 ms) are shown in (A) with the following color-coding: DIs of the C comparisons for changes in the stimulation site, intensity and angle are represented by cyan, black and green dots, respectively, while DIs of NC comparisons are depicted in yellow for same-day sessions and in red for one-week-apart sessions. DI values computed over different temporal windows of interest (0–60 ms, 60–120 ms, 120–250 ms) are reported in (B) with the same color-coding, except for NC comparisons that are summed together and plotted in orange.</p