Gene polymorphisms of superoxide dismutases and catalase in diabetes mellitus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Reactive oxygen species generated by hyperglycaemia modify structure and function of lipids, proteins and other molecules taking part in chronic vascular changes in diabetes mellitus (DM). Low activity of scavenger enzymes has been observed in patients with DM. Protective role of scavenger enzymes may be deteriorated by oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of selected antioxidant enzymes and vascular complications of DM.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significant differences in allele and genotype distribution among T1DM, T2DM and control persons were found in SOD1 and SOD2 genes but not in CAT gene (p < 0,01). Serum SOD activity was significantly decreased in T1DM and T2DM subjects compared to the control subjects (p < 0,05). SOD1 and SOD2 polymorphisms may affect SOD activity. Serum SOD activity was higher in CC than in TT genotype of SOD2 gene (p < 0,05) and higher in AA than in CC genotype of SOD1 gene (p < 0,05). Better diabetes control was found in patients with CC than with TT genotype of SOD2 gene. Significantly different allele and genotype frequencies of SOD2 gene polymorphism were found among diabetic patients with macroangiopathy and those without it. No difference was associated with microangiopathy in all studied genes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of our study demonstrate that oxidative stress in DM can be accelerated not only due to increased production of ROS caused by hyperglycaemia but also by reduced ability of antioxidant defense system caused at least partly by SNPs of some scavenger enzymes.</p

Gene polymorphisms of superoxide dismutases and catalase in diabetes mellitus-0

In both types of diabetes mellitus according to presence of macroangiopathy (MA+) or microangiopathy (MI+) or no complications (MA-MI-). Explanation of results is mentioned in the text.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Gene polymorphisms of superoxide dismutases and catalase in diabetes mellitus"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/30</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2008;9():30-30.</p><p>Published online 21 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2386118.</p><p></p

Gene polymorphisms of superoxide dismutases and catalase in diabetes mellitus-2

Atients and the level of serum superoxide dismutase activity. The correlation coeficients (Spearman) are r1 = -0,29 (T1DM), r2 = -0,28 (T2DM) with p < 0,05. Dotted lines mean 95% confidence intervals.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Gene polymorphisms of superoxide dismutases and catalase in diabetes mellitus"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/30</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2008;9():30-30.</p><p>Published online 21 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2386118.</p><p></p

Gene polymorphisms of superoxide dismutases and catalase in diabetes mellitus-1

M superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in both types of diabetes mellitus. The correlation coeficients (Spearman) are r1 = -0,41 (T1DM), r2 = -0,23 (T2DM) with p < 0,05. Dotted lines mean 95% confidence intervals.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Gene polymorphisms of superoxide dismutases and catalase in diabetes mellitus"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/30</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2008;9():30-30.</p><p>Published online 21 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2386118.</p><p></p

Stability and biological response of PEGylated gold nanoparticles

Stability and cytotoxicity of PEGylated Au NPs is crucial for biomedical application. In this study, we have focused on thermal stability of PEGylated Au NPs at 4 and 37 °C and after sterilization in autoclave. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by direct sputtering of gold into PEG and PEG-NH2. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that NPs exhibit a spherical shape with average dimensions 3.8 nm for both AuNP_PEG and AuNP_PEG-NH2. The single LSPR band at wavelength of 509 nm also confirmed presence of spherical Au NPs in both cases. Moreover, according to UV–Vis spectra, the Au NPs were overall stable during aging or thermal stressing and even after sterilization in autoclave. Based on gel electrophoresis results, the higher density of functionalizing ligands and the higher stability is assumed on AuNP_PEG-NH2. Changes in concentration of gold did not occur after thermal stress or with aging. pH values have to be adjusted to be suitable for bioapplications – original pH values are either too alkaline (AuNP_PEG-NH2, pH 10) or too acidic (AuNP_PEG, pH 5). Cytotoxicity was tested on human osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Overall, both Au NPs have shown good cytocompatibility either freshly prepared or even after Au NPs′ sterilization in the autoclave. Prepared Au NP dispersions were also examined for their antiviral activity, however no significant effect was observed. We have synthesized highly stable, non-cytotoxic PEGylated Au NPs, which are ready for preclinical testing