Phthalic acid esters content in yoghurt with chia flour and bamboo fiber during storage time

Phthalic acid esters are plasticizers, they can migrate freely from plastic to their surroundings. They have negative health effects. European legislation sets specific migration limits for phthalic acid esters. In our study, we deal with two esters of phthalic acid, dibutylphtalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). It was studied the effect of storage of four types of yoghurt on the concentration of phthalic acid esters. Yoghurts contained 1% chia flour, 5% chia flour, 1% bamboo fiber and 5% bamboo fiber. Yoghurts were stored in plastic cups, which contained both examined phthalic acid esters. Esters of phthalic acid were determined after 1 week of storage then after 2 weeks of storage and in the original raw material. Furthermore, the pH of the yoghurt was determined. The pH values ​​were correlated with phthalate concentrations: the correlation coefficient for DBP with a pH of -0.0265 and for DEHP with a pH of 0.3075. Mean concentrations of DEHP decreased over time, while DBP decreased for yoghurt with 1% chia flour, while in other cases they increased. The mean DBP concentrations in yoghurt were higher than the average concentrations of DEHP. Comparing the mean sample values ​​with t-test for dependent samples for yoghurt of the same type, when comparing the DBP or DEHP concentration in week 1 with the DBP or DEHP concentration at week 2, the mean values ​​were consistent. It can be noted that there was no increase in DEHP concentrations from cups to yoghurts, which was probably due to a lower concentration in cups than the DBP concentration. DBP concentrations increased in 3 of the 4 types of yoghurt. The determined pH in yoghurts did not differ significantly. Apparently a greater effect on the migration of phthalic acid esters will have in our case a different yoghurt consistency than pH. It would be appropriate to examine the effect of food density on the migration of phthalic acid esters. Likewise, it would be appropriate to examine the effect of pH but in the same food with different pH on the migration of phthalic acid esters.&nbsp;</p

Vliv použitého sladidla, teploty a doby pečení na obsah hydroxymethylfurfuralu vybraného pekařského výrobku

The main aim of the thesis: Effect of sweetener, temperature and cooking time on the hydroxymethylfurfural selected bakery products, was to determine the amount of hy-droxymethylfurfural in sweeteners and dough and biscuits made from them. Sweeteners used were: wheat syrup, corn syrup, date syrup, honey, sucrose, invert sugar and cane molasses. Three baking temperatures (175°C, 200°C, 225°C) were used. Cookies baked at 200°C and 225°C, were sensorially evaluated. The highest amounts of HMF were found in invert sugar, less amounts in cane molasses and honey. The amounts of HMF were increasing with temperature baking for invert sugar´s biscuits and date syrup´s biscuits. The firmest biscuits, tested by TIRATEST, were biscuits with sucrose baked at 175°C. Biscuits baked at 200°C showed better sensory evaluation of acceptability than the biscuits baked at 225°C. The best overall acceptibility in 200°C exhibited the biscuits with sucrose, the second best were the invert sugar biscuits, followed by the date syrup biscuits

Výživové trendy v pekařském oboru

This bachelor thesis "Nutritional trends in the baker's branch" includes basic principles of healthy diet, it contains the issues of nutrition and health claims in the bakery industry. This work gives information about current market of bakery products. Nowadays bakers have to deal with the competition of products from the chain stores, bakers are not always successful and go under. This bachelor thesis includes historical information about availability of cereals and bakery products; beginning of the cultivation of cereals falls into the Stone Age. This thesis refers to a tendency of coming back to the traditions. The main part of this work discusses vegetable raw materials, which are significant for human health and also focuses on a quality of the dough and bakery products properties after the addition of the vegetable raw material. The work contains examples of baker's mixtures and bakery products with a higher proportion of spelled, wholemeal and rye flour; in some of the examples are listed nutritional values and composition