Melanocitoma Epitelioide Pigmentado: Relato de Caso

Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma is a rare, newly described melanocytic tumor that encompasses lesions previously classified as animal type melanomas and epithelioid blue nevus of the Carney complex. Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma is a specific clinicopathological entity with particular clinical presentation and histological features. We present the case of a 5 year old female patient with a heavily pigmented papule on her right thigh that showed histological findings compatible with pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma and discuss the relevance /clinical significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy as a staging procedure in this particular neoplasm.Melanocitoma epitelioide pigmentado é um tumor raro, recentemente descrito que engloba lesões previamente classificadas como melanomas “tipo animal” e nevo azul epitelioide do complexo de Carney. Melanocitoma epitelioide pigmentado é uma entidade clinicohistopatológica específica com apresentação clínica e características histopatológicas particulares. Apresentaremos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 5 anos de idade com uma pápula densamente pigmentada em sua coxa direita que mostrou achados histológicos compatíveis com Melanocitoma epitelioide pigmentado e discutiremos a relevância/ significância clínica da biópsia de linfonodo sentinela como parte do processo de estadiamento dessa neoplasia em particular

Basal cell carcinoma - epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, and association with inflammation biomarkers. A review

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in humans, with low mortality, high morbidity, and exposure to solar radiation (UVB and UVA) is the most critical risk factor. Ultraviolet B rays generate mutagenic photoproducts in DNA and mutations in important genes regulating cellular functions, such as the tumor suppressor gene TP53. Ultraviolet A rays generate cytotoxic and mutagenic free radicals, potentiating the effects of UVB rays.. There is current evidence to support the role of inflammatory biomarkers related to tumorigenesis of basal cell carcinoma

Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis acquired in an HIV-positive patient

The disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis is a rare genodermatosis, autosomal recessive in most cases, characterized by susceptibility to infection by types of HPV of the genus β (EV-HPV) that do not occur in immunocompetent clinics. With the increased survival of immunosuppressed patients, especially with AIDS, a form of the disease called epidermodysplasia verruciformis acquired from a clinician similar to the genetic disease has been reduced, but challenging to manage, since an antiretroviral therapy leads to a cutaneous one, making patients more resistant to any treatment modality

ACOMETIMENTO DO APÊNDICE CECAL NA PARACOCCIDIOMICOSE: RELATO DE CASO

Introdução: A Paracoccidiomicose (PCM) é uma micose sistêmica endêmica do Brasil. Na Forma Aguda/subaguda (FA) os órgãos do sistema fagocítico-monocitário são afetados, principalmente os linfonodos, medula óssea, fígado e baço. O acometimento do apêndice cecal, que é um órgão linfoide, tem sido pouco descrito na literatura e o seu diagnóstico representa um desafio. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de FA da PCM em paciente jovem que apresentou acometimento do apêndice cecal por Paracoccidioides. Relato de caso: Homem, 20 anos, natural e procedente de Campo Grande/MS. Apresentava à admissão linfonodomegalia generalizada há 3 meses, associada a perda ponderal de nove quilos em três meses. Uma semana antes apresentou picos febris de 38° em média, associados a fadiga, odinofagia e hiporexia. Negava comorbidades. Ao exame físico apresentava-se com 51 Kg, palidez cutâneo-mucosa e com linfonodomegalia em cadeias linfonodais pré-auricular bilateral, retroauricular bilaterais, occipital direito, cervical superficial e profundo bilateral, tonsilar bilateral, subclavicular bilateral, submentoniano, axilar bilateral e inguinal bilateral, em sua maioria de tamanhos de aproximadamente 1 a 2 cm dolorosos e imóveis. Leveduras com características de Paracoccidioides sp foram visualizadas no exame micológico direto e no histopatológico do fragmento de linfonodo biopsiado. A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Paracoccidioides por imunodifusão dupla foi reagente, com titulação 1:64. Foi iniciado tratamento com sulfametoxazol + trimetoprima (CMX) 800+160 mg de 8/8h e o paciente teve alta hospitalar. Um mês depois, após um período de melhora clínica, voltou a piorar e apresentar dor abdominal importante, foi indicada anfotericina B formulação lipídica (AnfoB_L) na dose de 150 mg/dia. Evoluiu com piora da dor abdominal, localizando em região inguinal direita. A ultrassonografia sugeriu apendicite aguda. Foi feita apendicectomia e lavagem da cavidade abdominal sem intercorrências. O exame histopatológico foi conclusivo de apendicite aguda granulomatosa por Paracoccidioides spp., visualizados pela coloração de metenamina de prata de Grocott-Gomori. Após completar 1,5g de AnfoB_L, foi prescrito CMX e evoluiu com muita melhora clínica. Conclusão: O caso ilustra a importância de se considerar a PCM no diagnóstico diferencial de abdome agudo em áreas endêmicas da doença

Nutraceutical Potential of Grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) Seed Oil in Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Obesity and Metabolic Alterations

Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine) is a perennial plant of the Vitaceae family that is widely used to produce grapes and wines. Grape seed oil is rich in fatty acids such as linoleic acid (65–75%), vitamin E (50 mg), and phytosterols in addition to phenolic compounds, such as catechins (414 mg), epicatechins (130.4 mg), and gallic acid (77 µg), shows promise as a nutritional compound and is outstanding as a therapeutic substance with active properties for health, detected mainly by in vitro studies, as well as some in vivo studies. The benefits of consuming this oil include modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects, and protection against oxidative cell damage and some types of cancer. However, experimental findings confirm that therapeutic functions remain scarce; thus, more studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of action involved in the indicated therapeutic qualities

Medicinal Potential of Garcinia Species and Their Compounds

Garcinia is a genus of Clusiaceae, distributed throughout tropical Asia, Africa, New Caledonia, Polynesia, and Brazil. Garcinia plants contain a broad range of biologically active metabolites which, in the last few decades, have received considerable attention due to the chemical compositions of their extracts, with compounds which have been shown to have beneficial effects in several diseases. Our work had the objective of reviewing the benefits of five Garcinia species (G. brasiliensis, G. gardneriana, G. pedunculata, G. cambogia, and G. mangstana). These species provide a rich natural source of bioactive compounds with relevant therapeutic properties and anti-inflammatory effects, such as for the treatment of skin disorders, wounds, pain, and infections, having demonstrated antinociceptive, antioxidant, antitumoral, antifungal, anticancer, antihistaminic, antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, vasodilator, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and cardioprotective properties. This demonstrates the relevance of the genus as a rich source of compounds with valuable therapeutic properties, with potential use in the prevention and treatment of nontransmissible chronic diseases

Comparative Analysis of Grape Seed Oil, Linseed Oil, and a Blend: In Vivo Effects of Supplementation

Grape seeds are rich in bioactive substances, including polyphenols, terpenoids, and phytosterols. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) boasts a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), lignans, phytoestrogens, and soluble fibers, all contributing to its therapeutic potential. In this study, we pioneered the formulation of an oil blend (GL) combining grape seed oil (G) and golden linseed oil (GL) in equal volumes (1:1 (v/v)) and we evaluated in terms of the nutritional, physical, and chemical properties and their influence in an in vivo experimental model. We analyzed the oils by performing physical–chemical analyses, examining the oxidative stability using Rancimat; conducting thermal analyses via thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), performing optical UV–vis absorption analyses; examining the fluorescence emission–excitation matrix, total carotenoids, and color, and conducting metabolic assessments in an in vivo experimental trial. The fatty acid profile presented a higher fraction of linoleic acid (C18:2) in G and GL and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) in L. The acidity and peroxide indices were within the recommended ranges. The TG/DTG, DSC, and Rancimat analyses revealed similar behaviors, and the optical analyses revealed color variations caused by carotenoid contents in L and GL. In the in vivo trial, G (G2: 2000 mg/kg/day) promoted lower total consumption, and the blend (GL: 2000 mg/kg/day) group exhibited less weight gain per gram of consumed food. The group with G supplementation (G2: 2000 mg/kg/day) and GL had the highest levels of HDL-c. The group with L supplementation (L2: 2000 mg/kg/day) had the lowest total cholesterol level. The L2, G1 (1000 mg/kg/day), and G2 groups exhibited the lowest MCP-1 and TNF-α values. Additionally, the lowest adipocyte areas occurred in G and GL. Our results suggest that this combination is of high quality for consumption and can influence lipid profiles, markers of inflammation, and antioxidant status

Linseed, Baru, and Coconut Oils: NMR-Based Metabolomics, Leukocyte Infiltration Potential In Vivo, and Their Oil Characterization. Are There Still Controversies?

Different fatty acid proportions produce potential inflammatory and metabolic changes in organisms. However, the evidence for how each fatty acid mediates the metabolic pathway, and its lipid stability remains controversial. To resolve this controversy, the present study investigated the metabolic effects of cold-pressed linseed (LG), coconut (CG), and baru (BG) oils in comparison to those of soybean oil (SG) in mice, in terms of their oil characterization and stability. The quality analysis showed less oxidative behavior among PUFA-rich oils (SO, BO, and LO, with induction periods lower than 2 h compared to 39.8 h for CG), besides the high contents of tocopherols and carotenoids in SG and LG. In the experimental study, CG presented higher triglyceride (257.93 &plusmn; 72.30) and VLDL-cholesterol levels (51.59 &plusmn; 14.46, p &lt; 0.05), while LG reduced LDL levels (59.29 &plusmn; 7.56, p &lt; 0.05) when compared to SG (183.14 &plusmn; 22.06, 36.63 &plusmn; 4.41 and 131.63 &plusmn; 29.0, respectively). For visceral fats, the adiposity index was lower for BG (7.32 &plusmn; 3.13) and CG (9.58 &plusmn; 1.02, p &lt; 0.05) in relation to SG (12.53 &plusmn; 2.80), and for leukocyte recruitment, CG presented lower polymorphonuclear (PMN) (p &lt; 0.0001) and mononuclear (MN) (p &lt; 0.05) cell infiltration, demonstrating anti-inflammatory potential. In NMR-based metabolomics, although CG presented higher values for the glucose, lactate, and LDL/VLDL ratio, this group also evidenced high levels of choline, a lipotropic metabolite. Our study emphasized the controversies of saturated fatty acids, which impair serum lipids, while alfa-linolenic acid presented cardioprotective effects. However, coconut oil also has a positive immunomodulatory pathway and was found to reduce visceral bodyfat in mice. Therefore, for future applications, we suggest a combination of lauric and al-fa-linolenic acid sources, which are present in coconut and linseed oil, respectively. This combination could be less obesogenic and inflammatory and exert cardioprotective action