Learning the optimal buffer-stock consumption rule of Carroll

This article questions the rather pessimistic conclusions of Allen et Carroll (2001) about the ability of consumer to learn the optimal buffer-stock based consumption rule. To this aim, we develop an agent based model where alternative learning schemes can be compared in terms of the consumption behaviour that they yield. We show that neither purely adaptive learning, nor social learning based on imitation can ensure satisfactory consumption behaviours. By contrast, if the agents can form adaptive expectations, based on an evolving individual mental model, their behaviour becomes much more interesting in terms of its regularity, and its ability to improve performance (which is as a clear manifestation of learning). Our results indicate that assumptions on bounded rationality, and on adaptive expectations are perfectly compatible with sound and realistic economic behaviour, which, in some cases, can even converge to the optimal solution. This framework may therefore be used to develop macroeconomic models with adaptive dynamics.Consumption decisions; Learning; Expectations; Adaptive behaviour; Computational economics

Learning the optimal buffer-stock consumption rule of Carroll

This article questions the rather pessimistic conclusions of Allen et Carroll (2001) about the ability of consumer to learn the optimal buffer-stock based consumption rule. To this aim, we develop an agent based model where alternative learning schemes can be compared in terms of the consumption behaviour that they yield. We show that neither purely adaptive learning, nor social learning based on imitation can ensure satisfactory consumption behaviours. By contrast, if the agents can form adaptive expectations, based on an evolving individual mental model, their behaviour becomes much more interesting in terms of its regularity, and its ability to improve performance (which is as a clear manifestation of learning). Our results indicate that assumptions on bounded rationality, and on adaptive expectations are perfectly compatible with sound and realistic economic behaviour, which, in some cases, can even converge to the optimal solution. This framework may therefore be used to develop macroeconomic models with adaptive dynamics.Consumption decisions; Learning; Expectations; Adaptive behaviour, Computational economics

Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and surveillance of BAP1 tumour predisposition syndrome

BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is a recognised tumour suppressor gene. Germline BAP1 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants are associated with predisposition to multiple tumours, including uveal melanoma, malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma and specific non-malignant neoplasms of the skin, as part of the autosomal dominant BAP1-tumour predisposition syndrome. The overall lifetime risk for BAP1 carriers to develop at least one BAP1-associated tumour is up to 85%, although due to ascertainment bias, current estimates of risk are likely to be overestimated. As for many rare cancer predisposition syndromes, there is limited scientific evidence to support the utility of surveillance and, therefore, management recommendations for BAP1 carriers are based on expert opinion. To date, European recommendations for BAP1 carriers have not been published but are necessary due to the emerging phenotype of this recently described syndrome and increased identification of BAP1 carriers via large gene panels or tumour sequencing. To address this, the Clinical Guideline Working Group of the CanGene-CanVar project in the United Kingdom invited European collaborators to collaborate to develop guidelines to harmonize surveillance programmes within Europe. Recommendations with respect to BAP1 testing and surveillance were achieved following literature review and Delphi survey completed by a core group and an extended expert group of 34 European specialists including Geneticists, Ophthalmologists, Oncologists, Dermatologists and Pathologists. It is recognised that these largely evidence-based but pragmatic recommendations will evolve over time as further data from research collaborations informs the phenotypic spectrum and surveillance outcomes.</p

HIV-1 Efficient Entry in Inner Foreskin Is Mediated by Elevated CCL5/RANTES that Recruits T Cells and Fuels Conjugate Formation with Langerhans Cells

Male circumcision reduces acquisition of HIV-1 by 60%. Hence, the foreskin is an HIV-1 entry portal during sexual transmission. We recently reported that efficient HIV-1 transmission occurs following 1 h of polarized exposure of the inner, but not outer, foreskin to HIV-1-infected cells, but not to cell-free virus. At this early time point, Langerhans cells (LCs) and T-cells within the inner foreskin epidermis are the first cells targeted by the virus. To gain in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms governing inner foreskin HIV-1 entry, foreskin explants were inoculated with HIV-1-infeceted cells for 4 h. The chemokine/cytokine milieu secreted by the foreskin tissue, and resulting modifications in density and spatial distribution of T-cells and LCs, were then investigated. Our studies show that in the inner foreskin, inoculation with HIV-1-infected cells induces increased CCL5/RANTES (1.63-fold) and decreased CCL20/MIP-3-alpha (0.62-fold) secretion. Elevated CCL5/RANTES mediates recruitment of T-cells from the dermis into the epidermis, which is blocked by a neutralizing CCL5/RANTES Ab. In parallel, HIV-1-infected cells mediate a bi-phasic modification in the spatial distribution of epidermal LCs: attraction to the apical surface at 1 h, followed by migration back towards the basement membrane later on at 4 h, in correlation with reduced CCL20/MIP-3-alpha at this time point. T-cell recruitment fuels the continuous formation of LC-T-cell conjugates, permitting the transfer of HIV-1 captured by LCs. Together, these results reveal that HIV-1 induces a dynamic process of immune cells relocation in the inner foreskin that is associated with specific chemokines secretion, which favors efficient HIV-1 entry at this site

The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: A Renewed Call to Participation

Over the past two decades, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Staging Project has been a steady source of evidence-based recommendations for the TNM classification for lung cancer published by the Union for International Cancer Control and the American Joint Committee on Cancer. The Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee of the IASLC is now issuing a call for participation in the next phase of the project, which is designed to inform the ninth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. Following the case recruitment model for the eighth edition database, volunteer site participants are asked to submit data on patients whose lung cancer was diagnosed between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019, to the project by means of a secure, electronic data capture system provided by Cancer Research And Biostatistics in Seattle, Washington. Alternatively, participants may transfer existing data sets. The continued success of the IASLC Staging Project in achieving its objectives will depend on the extent of international participation, the degree to which cases are entered directly into the electronic data capture system, and how closely externally submitted cases conform to the data elements for the project

TFG 2014/2015

Amb aquesta publicació, EINA, Centre universitari de Disseny i Art adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, dóna a conèixer el recull dels Treballs de Fi de Grau presentats durant el curs 2014-2015. Voldríem que un recull com aquest donés una idea més precisa de la tasca que es realitza a EINA per tal de formar nous dissenyadors amb capacitat de respondre professionalment i intel·lectualment a les necessitats i exigències de la nostra societat. El treball formatiu s’orienta a oferir resultats que responguin tant a paràmetres de rigor acadèmic i capacitat d’anàlisi del context com a l’experimentació i la creació de nous llenguatges, tot fomentant el potencial innovador del disseny.Con esta publicación, EINA, Centro universitario de diseño y arte adscrito a la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, da a conocer la recopilación de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado presentados durante el curso 2014-2015. Querríamos que una recopilación como ésta diera una idea más precisa del trabajo que se realiza en EINA para formar nuevos diseñadores con capacidad de responder profesional e intelectualmente a las necesidades y exigencias de nuestra sociedad. El trabajo formativo se orienta a ofrecer resultados que respondan tanto a parámetros de rigor académico y capacidad de análisis, como a la experimentación y la creación de nuevos lenguajes, al tiempo que se fomenta el potencial innovador del diseño.With this publication, EINA, University School of Design and Art, affiliated to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, brings to the public eye the Final Degree Projects presented during the 2014-2015 academic year. Our hope is that this volume might offer a more precise idea of the task performed by EINA in training new designers, able to speak both professionally and intellectually to the needs and demands of our society. The educational task is oriented towards results that might respond to the parameters of academic rigour and the capacity for contextual analysis, as well as to considerations of experimentation and the creation of new languages, all the while reinforcing design’s innovative potential

Nouveaux pi-donneurs geants derives du tetrathiafulvalene (TTF): synthese, etude electrochimique et oxydation en sels correspondants

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 78804 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Architectures électroactives polyfonctionnelles à base tétrathiafulvalène (xérogels conducteurs et contrôle conformationnel à travers les relais calixarène et biphényle)

Le tétrathiafulvalène (TTF) est un composé organique remarquable de par la simplicité de sa structure et la diversité de ses applications. Depuis près d'une quarantaine d'années, ce donneur d'électrons-p a stimulé la recherche autour de matériaux cristallins conducteurs voire supraconducteurs. Tout récemment, le TTF a fait son apparition dans de nouveaux types de matériaux organiques, les organogels. La première partie de ce travail décrit la conception et l'optimisation structurale des premiers précurseurs d'organogels multifonctionnels à base TTF. L'étude des différents paramètres structuraux gouvernant la formation des organogels et la caractérisation des xérogels correspondants, par différentes techniques de microcopie, est présentée. La robustesse de ces gels est illustrée par leur persistance après oxydation à l'iode, fournissant des xérogels conducteurs. La présence d'unités pyrène au sein des molécules gélifiantes a également permis une incorporation maîtrisée de nanotubes de carbone simple paroi (NTC). Ces premiers exemples de xérogels conducteurs intégrant des NTCs présentent une morphologie et des propriétés conductrices remarquablement modifiées par rapport aux gels qui en sont dépourvus, traduisant un effet positif de structuration du gel par les NTCs. La multifonctionnalité de ces composés associant sites redox, de complexation et fluorophores, leur confère également un intérêt vers la préparation de portes logiques moléculaires, pour lesquelles une étude des paramètres initiaux (électrochimie, fluorescence) est réalisée. La seconde partie de ce travail s'inscrit dans la continuité, par la synthèse de différentes architectures moléculaires conformationnellement flexibles, associant le TTF et différents motifs accepteurs ou fluorophores sur la périphérie d'édifices calix[4]arène ou biphényle. Différents aspects du comportement dynamique de ces systèmes, ainsi que la synthèse de nouvelles briques moléculaires sont explorés.Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is rare among organic compounds in that it is characterized by a relatively simple structure yet is associated with a broad range of applications. Most of known properties of TTF, accumulated for the last forty years ago, have been observed in the crystalline state. Very recently, integration of TTF in xerogels appeared.. The first part of this work deals with the design and structural optimization of the first multifunctional organogelating TTF derivatives. These gels have been characterized through different spectroscopic studies and electronic microscopies. These analyses allow a better understanding of the parameters influencing gelation. Studied organogels are particularly robust as illustrated by the persistence of the gel state even after iodine doping. Since pyrene units are present in the studied molecules, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have been efficiently incorporated in these gels. These first examples of conducting xerogels incorporating CNTs, show morphologies and conducting properties significantly modified over incorporation of CNTs, illustrating the positive structuring effect of the latter over the gel. The multifunctional character of these TTF-based system (associating redox, luminescent and complexing properties on a single molecule), also provides an interest towards preparation of logic gates, for which a study has been led on initial parameters (electrochemistry, fluorescence).According to a similar concept, the second part of this work is dedicated to the synthesis of several TTF-based molecular architectures designed to provide a conformational flexibility. They associate TTF unit to various acceptors or fluorophores on the periphery of the calix[4]arene or biphenyl platform. Various aspects of the dynamic behavior of these systems, as well as the synthesis of new key building-blocks, are explored.ANGERS-BU Lettres et Sciences (490072106) / SudocSudocFranceF