Role of the High Affinity Immunoglobulin E Receptor in Bacterial Translocation and Intestinal Inflammation

A role for immunoglobulin E and its high affinity receptor (FcεRI) in the control of bacterial pathogenicity and intestinal inflammation has been suggested, but relevant animal models are lacking. Here we compare transgenic mice expressing a humanized FcεRI (hFcεRI), with a cell distribution similar to that in humans, to FcεRI-deficient animals. In hFcεRI transgenic mice, levels of colonic interleukin 4 were higher, the composition of fecal flora was greatly modified, and bacterial translocation towards mesenteric lymph nodes was increased. In hFcεRI transgenic mice, 2,4,6-tri-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis was also more pronounced, whereas FcεRI-deficient animals were protected from colitis, demonstrating that FcεRI can affect the onset of intestinal inflammation

Stress urinary incontinence after holmium laser enucleation of prostate: incidence and risk factors

Background and objective: To evaluate the incidence and the risk factors of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) during the first year following Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP). Materials and methods: Our monocentric and retrospective study includes 155 patients who underwent HoLEP for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Surgeries were performed by 2 expert surgeons. The continence was evaluated before and after surgery at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The predictive factors of SUI were analysed using logistic regression. Results: The SUI rate at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months was respectively 7.3%, 8.1%, 3.4% and 2.7%. SUI remained present in 4 patients (2.6%) at 12 months. The mean International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-SF) score for patients with SUI was respectively 11.69 ± 5.28, 8.70 ± 4.24, 1.81 ± 3.53 and 8 ± 4.24 at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months (p 30 (Odds Ratio (OR), 4.69; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.51–14.52; p = 0.007) and patients over 70 years old (OR, 16.23; 95% CI, 1.96–134.09; p = 0.010) were respectively identified as independent risk factors for SUI at 1 and 3 months. Conclusions: SUI after HoLEP is transitory in most cases. It is favoured by a high BMI and an age over 70. These criteria should be considered before choosing the operative technique and preventive measures must be taken in high-risk patients

Pyrale du buis : une efficacité insuffisante des trichogrammes

editorial reviewedsavebuxus - Afin de poursuivre la mise au point de la lutte contre la pyrale du buis, Cydalima perspectalis, à l’aide de trichogrammes, le programme national SaveBuxus se prolonge jusqu’à décembre 2019. étude - Après un screening d’une cinquantaine de souches de trichogramme en laboratoire, trois espèces ont été retenues pour les essais in situ de 2018 : Trichogramma brassicae, Trichogramma dendrolimi et la souche du produit Trichotop Buxus (commercialisée depuis 2016 en France). Les essais ont eu lieu sur un site expérimental d’Astredhor Sud-Ouest sur des buis infestés grâce aux pyrales de l’élevage de l’Inra UEFM Antibes. Des lâchers hebdomadaires des trois espèces de trichogrammes ont été réalisés pendant toute la période de vol du ravageur, entre juin et octobre, sur buis linéaires et buis isolés. En 2018, la densité du ravageur insignifiante n’a pas permis d’évaluer l’efficacité des trichogrammes pour parasiter et tuer les oeufs de pyrale. Il y a donc eu recours à des oeufs d’élevage produits au laboratoire de l’Inra d’Antibes et envoyés avec des brins de buis sur le terrain. Les brins portant les oeufs étaient disposés le jour de réception sur les buis de la zone d’essai. Au bout de 5 jours, ils étaient récupérés et renvoyés à Antibes pour mise en incubation 6 jours à 25 °C avant analyse des taux d’avortement et de parasitisme des oeufs. La capacité de dispersion des trichogrammes a également été évaluée

Developing an instrument to assess the endoscopic severity of ulcerative colitis : The Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS)

Full list of Investigators is given at the end of the article.Background: Variability in endoscopic assessment necessitates rigorous investigation of descriptors for scoring severity of ulcerative colitis (UC). Objective: To evaluate variation in the overall endoscopic assessment of severity, the intra- and interindividual variation of descriptive terms and to create an Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity which could be validated. Design: A two-phase study used a library of 670 video sigmoidoscopies from patients with Mayo Clinic scores 0-11, supplemented by 10 videos from five people without UC and five hospitalised patients with acute severe UC. In phase 1, each of 10 investigators viewed 16/24 videos to assess agreement on the Baron score with a central reader and agreed definitions of 10 endoscopic descriptors. In phase 2, each of 30 different investigators rated 25/60 different videos for the descriptors and assessed overall severity on a 0-100 visual analogue scale. κ Statistics tested inter- and intraobserver variability for each descriptor. A general linear mixed regression model based on logit link and β distribution of variance was used to predict overall endoscopic severity from descriptors. Results: There was 76% agreement for 'severe', but 27% agreement for 'normal' appearances between phase I investigators and the central reader. In phase 2, weighted κ values ranged from 0.34 to 0.65 and 0.30 to 0.45 within and between observers for the 10 descriptors. The final model incorporated vascular pattern, (normal/patchy/ complete obliteration) bleeding (none/mucosal/luminal mild/luminal moderate or severe), erosions and ulcers (none/erosions/superficial/deep), each with precise definitions, which explained 90% of the variance (pR2, Akaike Information Criterion) in the overall assessment of endoscopic severity, predictions varying from 4 to 93 on a 100-point scale (from normal to worst endoscopic severity). Conclusion: The Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity accurately predicts overall assessment of endoscopic severity of UC. Validity and responsiveness need further testing before it can be applied as an outcome measure in clinical trials or clinical practice.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Intérêt et crédibilité des enquêtes médico-marketing financées par l'industrie du médicament (analyse critique à la lumière d'un exemple suisse)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Localisation des récidives locales des cancers de prostate après traitement par ultrasons focalisés de haute intensité (étude rétrospective de 325 biopsies de prostate)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF