Blunt trauma pelvic fracture-associated genitourinary and concomitant lower gastrointestinal injury: incidence, morbidity, and mortality

PURPOSE: Limited data exist on the characteristics, risk factors, and management of blunt trauma pelvic fractures causing genitourinary (GU) and lower gastrointestinal (GI) injury. We sought to determine these parameters and elucidate independent risk factors. METHODS: The National Trauma Data Bank for years 2010-2014 was queried for pelvic fractures by ICD-9-CM codes. Exclusion criteria included age ≤ 17 years, penetrating injury, or incomplete records. Patients were divided into three cohorts: pelvic fracture, pelvic fracture with GU injury, and pelvic fracture with GU and GI injury. Between-group comparisons were made using stratified analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors for concomitant GI injury. RESULTS: In total, 180,931 pelvic fractures were found, 3.3% had GU, and 0.15% had GU and GI injury. Most common mechanism was vehicular collision. Injury severity score, pelvic AIS, and mortality were higher with combined injury (p \u3c 0.001), leading to longer hospital and ICU stays and ventilator days (p \u3c 0.001) with more frequent discharges to acute rehabilitation (p \u3c 0.01). Surgical management of concomitant injuries involved both urinary (62%) and rectal repairs (81%) or diversions (29% and 46%, respectively). Male gender (OR = 2.42), disruption of the pelvic circle (OR = 6.04), pubis fracture (OR = 2.07), innominate fracture (OR = 1.84), and SBP \u3c 90 mmgh (OR = 1.59) were the strongest independent predictors of combined injury (p \u3c 0.01). CONCLUSION: Pelvic fractures with lower GU and GI injury represent \u3c 1% of pelvic fractures. They are associated with more severe injuries and increased hospital resource utilization. Strongest independent predictors are disruption of the pelvic circle, male gender, innominate fracture, and SBP \u3c 90mm Hg

Role of cigarette smoking in urological malignancies and clinical interventions for smoking cessation

Cigarette smoking is the single greatest preventable cause of disease and death. Our literature review highlights the increased risk of cigarette smoking and kidney cancer, bladder cancer and prostate cancer