MARKET POWER AND OFF-INVOICE TRADE PROMOTIONS IN THE US: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

This article employs a Tobit model to examine whether the market power of manufacturers and retailers influence trade promotion decisions in the US food sector. Greater retailer market power increases allocation of funds to off-invoice trade promotions. We find evidence that the balance of power favors food retailers.Marketing,

Η γυναικεία μετανάστευση στην Ελλάδα.Σύγχρονες τάσεις και διαδικασίες εγκατάστασης

Please note: this article is in Greek. Female migration in Greece. Recent developments and settlement processes: Greece has turned in recent years into an immigration region. While migration to started in the early 1980s, it was only in the early 1990s that significant numbers started arriving. An additional important feature of the immigration process in Greece is the large proportion of women who migrate alone in search of employment and do not follow the traditional pattern of accompanying male family members. The purpose of this paper is to examine the recent developments regarding female immigration movement in Greece and to explain the female migration pattern and to look at the models and conditions intertwined with the process of migrants’ women settlement in Greece presenting some of the findings as they appear in a large scale survey for “Immigrant women in Greece” conducting by KETHI (Equality Research Centre-Athens) and included a sample of 612 immigrant women

Migration to Greece: A New Type and Emerging Problems.

Greece is a country with an age-long tradition in emigration and population movements due to specific historical factors. In the twentieth century certain political, economic and family reasons caused a large outflow of Greeks and nearly one million emigrated to western Europe (mostly Germany) and overseas countries (USA, Canada, Australia etc). However, in recent years Greece has witnessed a major reversal of historical patterns and become the hosting country of a large number of immigrants. Since the early 1980s, immigration has increased considerably and Greece has become an immigration country and an attractive destination or transit point for illegal migration. Contemporary migrations are more likely to be of a transnational nature. Given that context, this study presents recent movements of foreign population in Greece which are though to have induced a 'new' type of migration. It will also refer to emerging problems

Relations familiales et sociabilité en milieu urbain : le cas du Pirée

Cet article présente une partie des matériaux réunis lors des recherches de sociologie urbaine réalisées dans le cadre d’une collaboration franco-hellénique entre 1986 et 1992 (Cnrs, Ekke grec et université de Paris X-Nanterre). L’enquête empirique s’est déroulée dans quatre quartiers de la ville du Pirée, trois quartiers ouvriers et un quartier petit-bourgeois, auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de huit cents individus (dont la moitié de femmes), d’âge compris entre 20 et 59 ans. Menée par questionnaire, cette investigation visait à recueillir des données portant essentiellement sur la famille, la mobilité socio-professionnelle et l’emploi. L’analyse présentée ici est plus particulièrement centrée sur deux points : d’une part, les formes de relations nouées entre générations à l’intérieur de la famille et, d’autre part, les types de sociabilité qui se développent au niveau de la localité. Elle révèle un décalage prononcé opposant les pratiques et les mentalités des Piréotes de souche à celles des « immigrés de l’intérieur » qui, des années après leur installation en ville, entretiennent beaucoup plus de relations avec leur village d’origine qu’avec leur quartier d’adoption.This article presents material collected through urban sociological research carried out by a Franco-hellenic collaboration between 1986 and 1992 (CNRS, Greek EKKE and université de Paris X-Nanterre). The empirical survey was spread over four district in Piraeus, which are three quarters working class and one quarter petty bourgeois, using a representative sample of 800 individuals (50% women) between the ages of 20 and 59. This investigation, done by questionnaire, aimed to collect data concerning the family, socio-professional mobility and employment. The analysis presented here focuses on two aspects: on the one hand, the types of relations between generations inside the family and, on the other hand, the types of sociabilities which develop in the community. It reveals a distinct gap between the practices and attitudes of original inhabitants of Piraeus and those of immigrants from the “interior” who, after years of settling in the town, maintain greater connections with their village of origin than with their district of adoption

Blood-based analysis of type-2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility genes identifies specific transcript variants with deregulated expression and association with disease risk

Despite significant progress by genome-wide association studies, the ability of genetic variants to conduce to the prediction or prognosis of type-2 diabetes (T2D) is weak. Expression analysis of the corresponding genes may suggest possible links between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and T2D phenotype and/or risk. Herein, we investigated the expression patterns of 24 T2D-susceptibility genes, and their individual transcript variants (tv), in peripheral blood of T2D patients and controls (CTs), applying RNA-seq and real-time qPCR methodologies, and explore possible associations with disease features. Our data revealed the deregulation of certain transcripts in T2D patients. Among them, the down-regulation of CAPN10 tv3 was confirmed as an independent predictor for T2D. In patients, increased expression of CDK5 tv2, CDKN2A tv3 or THADA tv5 correlated positively with serum insulin levels, of CDK5 tv1 positively with % HbA1c levels, while in controls, elevated levels of TSPAN8 were associated positively with the presence of T2D family history. Herein, a T2D-specific expression profile of specific transcripts of disease-susceptibility genes is for the first time described in human peripheral blood. Large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the potential of these molecules to serve as disease biomarkers

Triple-target microarray experiments: a novel experimental strategy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High-throughput, parallel gene expression analysis by means of microarray technology has become a widely used technique in recent years. There are currently two main dye-labelling strategies for microarray studies based on custom-spotted cDNA or oligonucleotides arrays: (I) Dye-labelling of a single target sample with a particular dye, followed by subsequent hybridisation to a single microarray slide, (II) Dye-labelling of two different target samples with two different dyes, followed by subsequent co-hybridisation to a single microarray slide. The two dyes most frequently used for either method are Cy3 and Cy5. We propose and evaluate a novel experiment set-up utilising <it>three </it>differently labelled targets co-hybridised to one microarray slide. In addition to Cy3 and Cy5, this incorporates Alexa 594 as a third dye-label. We evaluate this approach in line with current data processing and analysis techniques for microarrays, and run separate analyses on Alexa 594 used in single-target, dual-target and the intended triple-target experiment set-ups (a total of 18 microarray slides). We follow this by pointing out practical applications and suitable analysis methods, and conclude that triple-target microarray experiments can add value to microarray research by reducing material costs for arrays and related processes, and by increasing the number of options for pragmatic experiment design.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The addition of Alexa 594 as a dye-label for an additional – third – target sample works within the framework of more commonplace Cy5/Cy3 labelled target sample combinations. Standard normalisation methods are still applicable, and the resulting data can be expected to allow identification of expression differences in a biological experiment, given sufficient levels of biological replication (as is necessary for most microarray experiments).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The use of three dye-labelled target samples can be a valuable addition to the standard repertoire of microarray experiment designs. The method enables direct comparison between two experimental populations as well as measuring these two populations in relation to a third reference sample, allowing comparisons within the slide and across slides. These benefits are only offset by the added level of consideration required in the experimental design and data processing of a triple-target study design. Common methods for data processing and analysis are still applicable, but there is scope for the development of custom models for triple-target data. In summary, we do not consider the triple-target approach to be a new standard, but a valuable addition to the existing microarray study toolkit.</p

Transformations urbaines et diversités locales au Pirée: famille, emploi et chomage

[Δε διατίθεται περίληψη / no abstract available

The Challenges and Opportunities of Analogue Game-Based Learning

The report will be built on best existing practice in the area of game-based teaching and assessment from experts from all over Europe. It will include materials, resources, research and documented case studies of game-based approaches to teaching. Also, it will describe the challenges experts were facing during implementation of the practice and an articulated set of advice on how to confront the above challenges