ESTRUCTURA DE LA COMUNIDAD DE HELMINTOS DE ARAPAIMA GIGAS EN SISTEMAS SEMI-INTENSIVOS E INTENSIVOS DE CULTIVO EN EL SUROESTE DE LA AMAZONIA BRASILEÑA

En la Amazonia, las inversiones en nuevas tecnologías para el cultivo de peces se han hecho en los últimos años. Arapaima gigas es considerada una de las especies con mayor potencial para la piscicultura en la región. Los sistemas que cultivan esta especie en el Amazonas son muy diversos, que van desde semi-intensivo para intensivo o industrial. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la estructura de la comunidad de helmintos de A. gigas comparando dos sistemas de cultivo. Un total de 121 peces se obtuvieron de un sistema semi-intensivo y otro intensivo en el estado de Acre, Brasil. Se identificaron un total de nueve especies de parásitos, con una sola especie en común. Hubo una diferencia significativa con respecto a los niveles de prevalencia de parásitos entre los dos cultivos de peces (χ2= 44,99

Fluctuación estacional de Rotifera de un lago tropical en la Amazonia (llanura de inundación del Río Acre, Brasil)

Background: The tropics are centers of high biodiversity of Rotifera that are highly variable and abundant. They play a key role since they are a link in the interaction network with members of other communities. Temporal changes in the community structure of the Rotifera assemblage is related to hydrologic phases. Goals: In this study, we focus on testing the hypothesis that the seasonal changes in alpha diversity and abundance (standing stocks) of Rotifera (Monogononta), considering also limnological variables, are mainly related to rainfall patterns. We consider four seasons based on rainfall: rainy, very rainy, dry, and very dry. Methods: Between 2008 and 2009, rotifers were sampled monthly with a plankton net in qualitative and quantitative sampling, and seven limnological variables were recorded at three sampling stations along Lake Amapá. Results: We found approximately 23% of all Rotifera listed for the Amazonia. The high Menhinick index revealed a high species dominance, except in the rainy season. The Shannon index did not show a greater distribution of organisms (0.3844 to 0.8886) independent of the layer and time season. In general, the equability index showed that all species were equally abundant in all seasons, with higher values at the surface and in the middle of the water column. The limnological variables also showed differences between all seasons in at least a layer of the water column. Conclusions: The seasons influenced the fluctuations in the communities of Rotifera of Lake Amapá, which led to a different species distribution pattern over time.Antecedentes: Los trópicos son centros de alta biodiversidad donde los rotíferos son muy variables y abun­dantes. Estos organismos desempeñan un papel clave en el ecosistema, ya que son eslabones en la red de interacciones con los miembros de otras comunidades. Objetivos: En este estudio nos enfocamos en probar la hipótesis de que los cambios estacionales, incluyendo los patrones de lluvias y las variables limnológicas, influyen en la diversidad y la abundancia de los rotíferos monogonontos del lago Amapá. Métodos: En total se consideraron cuatro períodos estacionales basados en la precipitación: lluvioso, muy lluvioso, seco y muy seco. Entre el año 2008 y 2009, se realizaron muestreos mensuales de plancton y se tomaron siete variables limnológicas en tres estaciones establecidas a lo largo del lago Amapá. Las muestras fueron analizadas de forma cualitativa y cuantitativa en laboratorio. Resultados: Se encontró cerca del 23% de rotíferos registra­dos en la Amazonia. El índice de Menhinick reveló una alta dominancia de las especies, excepto en la época de lluvias. Independientemente de la profundidad de la columna de agua y la estación del año; el índice de Shannon no mostró una mayor distribución de organismos (0.3844 a 0.8886) independientemente de la profundidad de la columna de agua y la temporada de colecta. En general, el índice de equidad mostró que todas las especies fueron igualmente abundantes en todos los períodos estacionales, los valores más altos se observaron en la porción superficial y media de la columna del agua. En al menos una capa de la columna de agua se encontraron diferencias entre las variables limnológicas de todas las estaciones. Conclusiones: Las fluctuaciones en las comunidades de rotíferos de lago Amapá, estuvo influenciado por los períodos estacionales, lo cual determinó un patrón diferencial en la distribución de las especies a través del tiempo

Effects of flood regime on the diet of Triportheus curtus (Garman, 1890) in an Amazonian floodplain lake

We analyzed the diet of Triportheus curtus in Lake Amapá on the Acre River (AC - Brazil), during three distinct phases of the hydrological cycle (pre-flooding, flooding, and post-flooding stages). The flooding occurred between January and June of 2009. Samples were collected monthly from October 2008 through September 2009. After collection (at 19:00, 01:00, 07:00, and 13:00 hs) and taxonomic identification, fish were eviscerated and their stomachs preserved in a 4% formalin solution for later analysis. The diet was evaluated by the Index of Relative Importance (IRI), and temporal variations (pre-flooding, flooding, and post-flooding) in the diet were summarized by an ordination technique (DCA). The diet of T. curtus was comprised of several orders of insects and microcrustaceans. In the pre-flooding stage, more than 62% of the diet consisted of Ostracoda. In the flooding phase, T. curtus fed mainly on Chaoboridae larvae (Diptera) (44.3%) and terrestrial insects (fragments) (33.7%). In the post-flooding phase, Chaoboridae comprised 80% of the diet. These results indicate that the utilization of food resources by T. curtus was variable, changing with alterations in the availability of resources, as influenced by the hydrological cycle. The population of T. curtus proved to be opportunistic, changing its diet in the course of the hydrological cycle

Integrative taxonomy of Goezia spinulosa (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) from arapaimas in the northwestern Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-07-11T16:25:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolina_camargo_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 2141416 bytes, checksum: 0be24e0e060c3ff2b4357591e311a9b1 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-07-11T16:40:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolina_camargo_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 2141416 bytes, checksum: 0be24e0e060c3ff2b4357591e311a9b1 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T16:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolina_camargo_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 2141416 bytes, checksum: 0be24e0e060c3ff2b4357591e311a9b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Instituto Federal do Acre. Rio Branco, AC, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Federal do Acre. Xapuri, AC, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Escritório Regional Metropolitano II. Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Arapaima gigas, a fish with a high market value, has been farmed in different localities within Brazil. Among its parasites, adults of Goezia spinulosa are reported to cause ulcers in the stomach and to result in the death of farmed fingerlings. Due to the veterinary importance of this nematode in cultured arapaimas, an integrative taxonomic study is proposed, combining morphological, ultrastructural and genetic profiles of this parasite. The fish were obtained from semi-intensive fish farming in Acre State, Brazil. The fish measured 7-42cm in total length and the intensity of infection was 1-60 parasites per fish. The site of infection was mainly the stomach. Morphological and ultrastructural analyses of G. spinulosa showed the importance of its spiny body in firmly attaching the worm to the gastric mucosa, resulting in lesions, ulcers and deep gastric perforations of the stomach wall. New sequences for partial 18S rDNA, ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA, partial 28S rDNA, cox1 mtDNA and for cox2 mtDNA are presented. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on the partial 18S and 28S rDNA shows species of Goezia occur in a clade well separated from other genera in both analyses. Both the partial 18S and 28S rDNA genes represented good genetic markers for distinguishing genera of the Raphidascarididae, with exception of Hysterothylacium. This integrated taxonomic study produced a robust profile for G. spinulosa that will aid the diagnosis of both adults and larval stages from arapaimas and possible intermediate hosts