Spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi in a naturally Infested Vineyard Soil

Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. was isolated from rootstocks of dead or diseased vines in vineyards from 14 districts in the Cape Province of South Africa. It was recovered in vineyard soil to a depth of 320 mm. Downhill spread of the pathogen was more rapid through a soil with a perched water table (Estcourt: Rosmead soil series) than through a freely draining soil (Clovelly: Blinkklip soil series). Lateral movement of the fungus through soil occurred to a limited extent. The disease potential index of newly ingested soil was usually higher than that of areas previously infested. The results indicated the danger of introducing P. cinnamomi to poorly drained soils by planting infected vines

Diversity Of Enterococcus Faecalis Genotypes From Multiple Oral Sites Associated With Endodontic Failure Using Repetitive Sequence-based Polymerase Chain Reaction And Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reactionc

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and similarity of Enterococcus faecalis genotype isolates from multiple oral sites using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Methods: Forty-two endodontically treated teeth with apical periodontitis were selected. A total of 126 microbial samples were collected from 3 different sites (saliva, pulp chamber, and root canals, all n = 42) during the nonsurgical retreatment procedures. After growth on m-Enterococcus agar, the colonies were isolated, characterized as gram-positive catalase negative cocci, and identified using an API 20 Strep kit (bioMerieux, MarcyI'Etoile, France). Seventy-four colonies from 10 patients were confirmed as E. faecalis by polymerase chain reaction (165 ribosomal RNA). Repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reactions using ERIC and AP-PCR using RW3A primers were performed in all 74 colonies. Fingerprints were analyzed and separated into genotypic groups based on the Dice coefficient percentage of similarity (82% or greater) as determined by ERIC reproducibility assays involving E. faecalis controls. Results: Seven different E. faecalis genotypes (GTs) (GT1 = 27%, GT2 = 17.6%, GT3 = 1.3%, GT4 = 18.9%, GT5 = 9.5%, GT6 = 14.9%, and GT7 = 10.8%) were observed in different subjects and oral sites associated with endodontic failure. Remarkably, in 4 of 5 patients, the same GTs present in the infected root canals were also isolated from either the pulp chamber or the saliva samples. In particular, GT6 was detected in all 3 oral sites of patient 37. Conclusions: E. faecalis GTs isolated from saliva, the pulp chamber, and the root canal were similar using the Rep-PCR and AP-PCR methods. These findings suggest that coronal microleakage is a conceivable cause of endodontic failure.433377382Brazilian agencies FAPESP [2015/19215-2]CNPq [302575/2009-0, 308162/2014-5]CAPESFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Initial Benchmarking Of The Quality Of Medical Care In Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

To assess the quality of medical care in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at tertiary pediatric rheumatology centers as measured by observance of SLE quality indicators (SLE-QIs). International consensus has been achieved for childhood-onset SLE-QIs capturing medical care provision in 9 domains: diagnostic testing, education of cardiovascular (CV) risk and lifestyles, lupus nephritis (LN), medication management, bone health, ophthalmologic surveillance, transition, pregnancy, and vaccination. Using medical record information, the level of performance of these childhood-onset SLE-QIs was assessed in childhood-onset SLE populations treated at 4 tertiary pediatric rheumatology centers in the US, 2 in Brazil, and 1 center in India. A total of 483 childhood-onset SLE patients were assessed. Care for the 310 US patients differed markedly for childhood-onset SLE-QIs addressing LN, bone health, vaccinations, education on CV risk, and transition planning. Performance of safety blood testing for medications was high at all centers. Despite often similar performance on the childhood-onset SLE-QI, access to kidney biopsies was lower in Brazil than in the US. Irrespective of the country of practice, larger centers tended to meet the childhood-onset SLE-QIs more often than smaller centers. The childhood-onset SLE-QIs, evidence-based minimum standards of medical care, are not consistently met in the US or some other countries outside the US. This has the potential to contribute to suboptimal childhood-onset SLE outcomes.68179-18