Curcumin Mediated Gold Nanoparticles and Analysis of its Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial Activity Against Oral Pathogens

Objective: To green synthesise gold nanoparticles using curcumin and to analyse its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity among oral pathogens. Material and Methods: Biosynthesised Curcumin Gold nanoparticles (CuAuNP) were evaluated by UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. Results: Synthesized CuAuNP were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry and showed peak absorption at 530nm. CuAuNp showed a 90.3% maximum scavenging ability of DPPH at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. CuAuNP exhibited 79.6 % of the highest anti-inflammatory activity at 50μg/mL than the standard drug diclofenac. TEM image clearly showed uniformly dispersed spherical-shaped gold nanoparticles with a size of about 20 nm. The biosynthesized nanoparticle was tested for its antimicrobial effect, and it showed a potent effect against S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans at 100µg/ mL. Enterococcus faecalis has a maximum zone of inhibition of 14 mm at 100µg/ mL of CuAuNp. Among gram-positive bacteria, a maximum zone of inhibition of 12 mm at 100µg/ mL was seen in S. aureus compared to S mutans. Candida albicans showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 18 mm at 25 μg/mL of CuAuNp. Conclusion: Curcumin-mediated gold nanoparticles with 20 nm size were effective and had strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at 50µg/ mL, antimicrobial action inhibiting microbes at 100µg/ mL concentration that can be used in treating various Oral mucosal lesions

Curcumin Mediated Gold Nanoparticles and Analysis of its Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial Activity Against Oral Pathogens

Objective: To green synthesise gold nanoparticles using curcumin and to analyse its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity among oral pathogens. Material and Methods: Biosynthesised Curcumin Gold nanoparticles (CuAuNP) were evaluated by UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. Results: Synthesized CuAuNP were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry and showed peak absorption at 530nm. CuAuNp showed a 90.3% maximum scavenging ability of DPPH at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. CuAuNP exhibited 79.6 % of the highest anti-inflammatory activity at 50μg/mL than the standard drug diclofenac. TEM image clearly showed uniformly dispersed spherical-shaped gold nanoparticles with a size of about 20 nm. The biosynthesized nanoparticle was tested for its antimicrobial effect, and it showed a potent effect against S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans at 100µg/ mL. Enterococcus faecalis has a maximum zone of inhibition of 14 mm at 100µg/ mL of CuAuNp. Among gram-positive bacteria, a maximum zone of inhibition of 12 mm at 100µg/ mL was seen in S. aureus compared to S mutans. Candida albicans showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 18 mm at 25 μg/mL of CuAuNp. Conclusion: Curcumin-mediated gold nanoparticles with 20 nm size were effective and had strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at 50µg/ mL, antimicrobial action inhibiting microbes at 100µg/ mL concentration that can be used in treating various Oral mucosal lesions

Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT and conventional CT in detecting degenerative osseous changes of the TMJ: A systematic review

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are a group of conditions that cause pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint and muscles that control jaw movement. According to the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD), temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) may be classified into three different groups: a) myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS), b) internal derangement, and c) arthritis. Complicated anatomy of the TMJ was the reason for developing standardized radiographic techniques to diagnose TMDs. The introduction of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of TMJ disorders enabled much better delineation of anatomical structures of the joint due to lack of tissue superposition. Cone beam CT (CBCT) is the latest imaging modality for craniofacial deformities, with a lesser radiation exposure and cheaper cost when compared to CT. A systematic literature search was done to identify articles describing degenerative osseous changes of the TMJ using CBCT and conventional CT. Electronic search of scientific papers was carried out in PubMed (MeSH), ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases using specific keywords. In this systematic review, all the selected articles demonstrate the role of CBCT and CT in diagnosing the degenerative osseous changes of the TMJ. The studies included in the review suggested that CT has been the method of choice to assess the TMJ dynamics and contours of the cortical bone

Phenotypic differences in teeth dimensions among Chennai population: An aid in sex determination

Objective: To investigate the presence of sexual dimorphism by studying the size of the teeth among males and females in Chennai population, which aids in sex determination. Materials and Methods: Incisocervical length, mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters were measured in teeth of 60 subjects (30 males, 30 females) in the age group of 18-22 years from Chennai population. The differences in the mean values of parameters in males and females were calculated using independent t-test. Discriminant functional analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of sex. Results: Significant differences were found in mean incisocervical length which were found to be larger in males with P < 0.05 in 11, 12, 14, 17, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 41, 43, and 45 and with P < 0.001 in 13, 23, 32, 42, 43, and 44, with the exception of 37 and 47 which were larger in females. Mean mesiodistal diameter was larger in males with P < 0.05 in 11, 12, and 21 and with P < 0.001 in 13, 23, 33, and 43. Mean buccolingual diameter was larger in males with P < 0.05 in 12, 21, 31, 33, and 41 and with P < 0.001 in 11, 13, 23, and 43. Accuracy rate of predicting sex based on incisocervical length (17, 23, 47) and mesiodistal diameter (13, 33) was 78.3% and based on buccolingual diameter (13) was 76.7%. Conclusion: Males showed greater sexual dimorphism than females. Application of incisocervical, mesiodistal, and buccolingual dimensional variability among males and females in the Chennai population can aid in sex determination in forensic odontology, as the results showed moderate extent of dimorphism with an overall accuracy rate of predicting sex to be 78%

Assessment of prevalence and gender distribution of hypodontia in maxillary dentition

Congenitally missing teeth or as usually called hypodontia, is a highly prevalent and common developmental dental anomaly where there is congenital absence of one or more teeth. It is the most prevalent dental malformation in humans that could affect and influence the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Besides an unfavorable appearance, patients with missing teeth may suffer from malocclusion, periodontal damage, insufficient alveolar bone growth, reduced chewing ability, inarticulate pronunciation and other problems.The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and gender distribution of hypodontia in maxillary teeth, excluding the third molars. Orthopantomogram of orthodontic patients above the age group of 14 years were examined for evidence of hypodontia. The casts were used as an additional means of confirming the diagnosis. Retrospective data of patients were collected and those patients who had missing teeth were first segregated. From among those the patients details with congenitally missing teeth were then sorted. 15 patients with congenitally missing teeth excluding third molars were found fulfilling all the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was analysed using SPSS statistical software, descriptive and analytical statistics was done with Chi square test. It was observed that hypodontia of maxillary teeth was more predominant in maxillary lateral incisors (n- 12;80%)followed by maxillary premolars (n-2;13.4%) and canines(n=1;6.7%).Occurrence of hypodontia was more predominant in females(53.3%) when compared to males (46.7%) (p&gt;0.05); hence statistically not significant. Early diagnosis and appropriate management might help in the attainment of ideal occlusion without the need for extensive orthodontic therap

Paramedian bilateral lip pits with sinuses (Van der Woude syndrome)

Genes the basic units of heredity, contain blue prints for human growth and development. A change or alteration in a single gene on chromosome number causes one Van der Woude syndrome (VWS). Features of VWS include lip pits on the lower lip, cleft palate alone or with cleft lip in some cases, missing teeth, syngnathia and ankyloglossia. The features of VWS are discussed along with two clinical case presentations. Bilateral lip pits with sinuses, surgically corrected cleft lip, cleft palate and few missing teeth were appreciated in both the cases