The correlation between intake of energy, protein, fat of underweight and CD4+ count for children with HIV

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Peningkatan infeksi HIV anak di Indonesia searah dengan peningkatan presentase penularan AIDS dari ibu ke anaknya dari 3% (2013) menjadi 4,6% (2015). HIV anak menjalani terapi antiretroviral (ARV) untuk meningkatkan jumlah sel T-CD4+. Stadium klinis berat pada HIV anak menurunkan jumlah CD4+. Pemberian suplementasi zat gizi makro dan mikro dapat meningkatkan status gizi HIV anak yang menjalani ARV.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan asupan energi, protein, dan lemak terhadap status gizi berdasarkan berat badan dan jumlah CD4+ pada HIV anak di Kota dan Kabupaten Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Subjek yaitu anak usia 1-14 tahun sebanyak 31 subjek. Data dikumpulkan meliputi tinggi badan (TB), berat badan (BB), asupan zat gizi diperoleh dengan metode food recall 2x24 jam. Jumlah CD4+ melalui pemeriksaan darah subjek. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dan Regresi Logistik untuk menghitung Prevalence Rasio (PR). Hasil: Asupan protein memberikan risiko bermakna terhadap rendahnya jumlah CD4+ (PR=2,8; p=0,018; CI=1,331-5,891). Kesimpulan: Asupan gizi (energi, protein, lemak) tidak terkait dengan berat badan rendah (BB/U) dan stunting (TB/U). Asupan zat gizi yang berhubungan bermakna dengan jumlah CD4+ yang rendah (<500 sel/mm3) hanya asupan protein.  Asupan protein yang kurang pada HIV anak berisiko mengalami suppresi berat (jumlah CD4+ <500 sel/mm3) sebesar 3,036 kali KATA KUNCI: asupan gizi, HIV anak , jumlah CD4 +, stunting ABSTRACTBackground: The increase in HIV-infected children in Indonesia in line with the increase percentage of HIV positive children from mother to child transmission from 3% (2013) to 4.6% (2015). HIV-infected children using antiretroviral therapy (ARV) to increase the T-cells CD4+ count in HIV-infected children patients. Clinical stage heavily on lowering the CD4+ count for HIV-infected children. Supplementation of macro and micronutrients can improve the nutritional status of children using antiretroviral HIV. Objectives. The study aimed to analyze the relationship of intake of energy, protein, fat and clinical stage of  nutritional status and CD4 counts for HIV-infected children in the regional district and the city of Semarang.Methods: A cross-sectional study in The Regional District and the City of  Semarang. The subject of 31 HIV-infected children aged 1-14 years. Data collected included height, body weight, nutrient intake obtained by the method of Food Recall 2x24 hours. The number of CD4+ through blood test subjects. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The intake of protein significantly increase the of low CD4+ count (PR = 3.036; p = 0.021; CI = 1.211 to 7.608 and PR = 2.8; p = 0.018; CI = 1.331 to 5.891). Conclusions: Nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat) is not associated with low body weight (WAZ), stunting (HAZ) and nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat) is not associated with low CD4 + incidence (<500 cells/mm3). KEYWORDS: CD4+ count, HIV-infected children, nutrient intake, stunting

Nutrition counseling about general messages of balanced nutrition improve energy intake and haemoglobin level among HIV children

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: HIV adalah masalah kesehatan yang signifi kan di Indonesia. satu kota di DKI Jakarta yang memiliki perkiraan jumlah kasus HIV tertinggi yang ditularkan melalui pria ke wanita. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa anak-anak dengan HIV memiliki asupan energi dan protein yang kurang, dan anemia. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi seimbang pada orangtua yang memiliki anak HIV sehingga adanya peningkatan perilaku yang baik terhadap asupan makanan pada anaknya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pedoman nutrisi seimbang pada asupan gizi (energi dan protein) dan kadar hemoglobin pada anak-anak HIV Metode: Desain penelitian adalah studi pra-eksperimental desain One Group Pre-Post Test. Penelitian ini adalah desain pre-post test kelompok kontrol non acak. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUPN dr Cipto Mangunkusumo dari Agustus hingga Oktober 2019. Sampel diambil secara purposive dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan paired t-test.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifi kan antara asupan energi rata-rata sebelum konseling dan setelah konseling (p = 0,013) tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang signifi kan antara asupan protein rata-rata sebelum dan sesudah konseling (p = 0,934). Ada perbedaan yang signifi kan antara level Hb sebelum dan setelah konseling (p = 0,000).Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh konseling gizi terhadap asupan energi tetapi tidak ada pengaruh terhadap kadar HbKATA KUNCI: energi; protein; Hb; HIV; anakABSTRACTBackground: HIV is a signifi cant health problem in Indonesia. There were an estimated 242.699 persons living with HIV. Central Jakarta is one of the cities in DKI Jakarta that has the highest estimated number of HIV cases transmitted through men to women. Thus means that there is a possibility that the number of HIV children in Central Jakarta wil also increase. Some studies suggest that children with HIV have less energy and protein intake, and anemia. Because of this, the importance of increasing the knowledge of balanced nutrition in parents who have HIV children so that there is an increase in good behavior towards food intake in children. Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the effect of providing balanced nutrition guidelines on nutritional intake (energy and protein) and hemoglobin levels in HIV children. Methods: The research design was a pre-expreimental study of the One Group Pre-Post Test design. study was experimental non randomized control group pre-post test design. The study was carried out at RSUPN dr Cipto Mangunkusumo from August to October 2019. The sample were taken purposively with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed by using paired t-test.Results:The results showed that there was a signifi cant difference between the mean energy intake before counseling and after counseling (p = 0.013) but there was no signifi cant difference between the average protein intake before and after counseling (p = 0.934). There was a signifi cant difference between the level Hb before and atter counseling (p = 0.000).Conclusions: The provision of counseling on nutrition guidelines provide a signifi cant difference between the average energy intake and the levels of Hb.KEYWORDS: energy; protein; Hb; HIV; childre