Life cycle, Mortality and Survival of Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) on Mango in Meiktila

Life cycle, mortality and survival of Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis were recorded during the study period from May to July 2014 (fruiting season). One complete generation had four stages (from egg, larva, pupa and adult) and took about lasted 22 to 24 days at 30°C -34°C. Incubation period lasted for two days, the entire larval stages lasted for (11) days, pupation period lasted 9-11days. Among the four stages, larval feeding damage in fruits was the most damaging. In this study the life cycle of Oriental Fruit Fly at high temperature was faster than the life cycle at low temperature. In five replications the highest percentage of mortality of B. dorsalis occurred in 1st larva stage, and the lowest percentage of mortality occurred in pupa

Study on the Formulation and Characterization of Herbal Toothpaste

The present research work focused on the formulation and characterization of herbal toothpaste from neem oil. Firstly, the physico-chemical properties of Neem seeds (Azadirachtaindica A. Juss) were determined. The Neem oil was extracted from Neem seeds by using solvent extraction process with ethanol (material-to-solvent ratio 1:4 w/v) at extraction temperature 60ºC for 150 min. The physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of extracted neem oil were also determined using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method and Gas Chromatography (GC). Then, the herbal toothpaste was formulated using extracted neem oil with active and inactive ingredients. The effect of foaming agent, humectant, binder and preservative on the quality of formulated herbal toothpastes were investigated. Finally, the properties such as pH, alkalinity, viscosity, density, lead content, arsenic content, foaming power and physical appearance of formulated herbal toothpastes were also evaluated and compared with commercial product

The Relationship between the Principals' Use of Power and Teachers' Job Satisfaction in Pakokku Township, Myanmar

These objectives have been pursued throughout the duration of the study 1) to study the principals' use of Power, 2) to study the teachers' job satisfaction and 3) to investigate the relationship between principals' use of Power and teachers' job satisfaction in Basic Education High Schools in Pakokku Township, Myanmar.In this study, the quantitative research method was used. The questionnaire survey was carried out in this study. After reviewing the related literature thoroughly, a set of questionnaires to collect the required data was developed based on Principals' Use of Power of (French Jr & Raven, 1959) and Teachers' Job Satisfaction of (Sepector, 1994).  The reliability coefficient (Cronbach α) was 0.753 for the principals' use of Power and 0.988 for the teachers' job satisfaction. The Principals' use of Power modified by the researcher and the teachers' jpb satisfaction was validated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and showed the good model fitting and had validity for the use in the study.Three hundred and four teachers were selected as subjects from the four Basic Education High Schools in Pakokku Township by using the random sampling method. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the collected data. The principals' use of Power and the teachers' job satisfaction that perceived by teachers were determined as the mean value and standard deviations. Moreover, independent samples T-test and the Pearson-product moment correlation coefficient were utilized.The principals' use of power (strong level, Mean=3.78, SD=0.318) and the teachers' job satisfaction (high level, Mean=3.83, SD=0.777) that perceived by teachers and the relationship between principals' use of Power and teachers' job satisfaction were identified in this study. There were statistically significant differences in the use of Power and teachers' job satisfaction grouped by the school location (uban and rural). There was a typical association between principals'’ use of Power and teachers' job satisfaction (p<.01). Quantitative findings also suggested that the higher the principals' use of Power, the better the teachers' job satisfaction. This study gave valuable new insights into that the principals can know which types of Power should be used in the appropriate situations while working with their subordinates. Keywords- Principals' Use of Power, Teachers' Job Satisfaction DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-9-06 Publication date:March 31st 202

Processing and Utilization of Bio-Flocculant from Dent Corn in Food Wastewater

In the present research, native starch was prepared from dent corn (Zea mays L.) and the prepared native starch was modified by phosphorylation to get biodegradable bio-flocculants. The processed modified starch bio-flocculants were applied in the treatment of food wastewater. The physico-chemical properties of dent corn such as protein, fiber, fat, moisture, carbohydrate and ash contents were determined by AOAC (2000) method. The physico-chemical characteristics of native starch and modified starch (bio-flocculants) such as iodine test, bulk density, the degree of substitution, swelling power, amylose and amylopectin contents were determined. The flocculation efficiency of the processed bio-flocculants by using ferric laurate suspension and the optimal transmission percentage was investigated. The properties of food wastewater such as pH, colour, turbidity, total solids, dissolved solids and suspended solids before and after treatment with processes bio-flocculants were also determined

Participations and Communications of Myanmar Academicians on Research Gate among Differences Disciplines

The purpose of this paper is to know the participating and communication of different disciplines among Myanmar academicians in ResearchGate (RG). The data were manually collected by visiting the profile pages of all members who had an account with the Institution of Myanmar in RG. In total, 1035 RG members and 59 participants' communications were analyzed by using the statistic method—Kruskal-Wallis H test under the five disciplines. The results show that Engineering and Technology disciplines massively participated than other disciplines on ResearchGate, while Natural science disciplines are more in research items. Life Science and Medicine disciplines have the most scholarly communication, respectively. There is no RG metric significant in social science disciplines. But, different disciplines of Myanmar academicians show varying levels of interest in being involved in RG with different significance Keywords: Researchgate, Myanmar academicians, Interaction, academic, social networks, question and answer site. DOI: 10.7176/IKM/11-2-03 Publication date:March 31st 202

Processing and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Toddy Fruit Husk

The focus of this research work was the processing and characterization of activated carbon from toddy palm fruit husk. To identify the purity of raw material, the properties of toddy palm fruit husk in terms of moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon content and bulk density were determined. Activated carbon was prepared by chemical activation of toddy palm fruit husk and then by carbonization. The effect of carbonization temperature and time on the appearance and properties of processed activated carbons were investigated. The physico-chemical properties of processed activated carbon such as moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon content were determined. The highest fixed carbon content was obtained with 25 % w/w zinc chloride as chemical activating agent at carbonization temperature 350°C for carbonization time 45 min. For the assessment of the quality of the product, the properties such as surface area, iodine sorption capacity and methylene blue number were also investigated. Furthermore, the phase and microstructure of the prepared activated carbons were determined by X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The high iodine sorption capacity and fairly high methylene blue number indicated that the processed activated carbon had large surface area and well developed mesoporosity. Therefore toddy palm fruit was the potential to be a promising precursor for the processing of activated carbon

Domain-specific Sentiment Dictionary Construction for Sentiment Classification

Sentiment dictionaries are commonly used to solve the problem of sentiment classification for customer reviews. The number of sentiment words in the generalized dictionaries such as SentiWordNet is limited and lack of many sentiment words especially domain-specific sentiment words. Different domains have different sentiment words and the sentiment of a word depends on the domain in which it is used. In this paper, an approach based on Point-wise Mutual Information (PMI) is proposed to construct a domain-specific sentiment dictionary effectively and automatically. The proposed system is evaluated on three diverse datasets from different domains by using 10-fold cross validation. Accordingly to the experimental results, the goodness of the extracted dictionary is relatively high and significantly improves the performance of sentiment classification. The experimental results show that the extracted domain-specific dictionary outperforms the generalized dictionary, SentiWordNet. The proposed method learns the domain-specific sentiment words efficiently and it is domain adaptable

Motor Function and Manual Ability in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Primary Report

Abstract This descriptive study aims to describe the motor type, topographical distribution and motor function of lower limbs, and the manual ability of upper limbs. Cerebral Palsy (CP) describes a group of disorders in the development of movement and posture in the developing brain. This study was carried out during 2015 on 60 CP children. Multiple sources of assessment were used, including medical records of patients at the Physical Medicine Department in 550 Bedded Mandalay Children’s Hospital. Children were grouped according to motor type, topographical pattern, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) scales. During the study period, 60 CP children (29 males and 31 females) aged 4-12 years were observed, with a mean (SD) age of 7.7 (3.7) years. In this study, spastic CP was the most common type (80%) and more specifically, bilateral CP (70%) was more common than unilateral (10%). With respect to the GMFCS classification, level II (30%), and to the MACS classification, level II (38.3%), was the most common. This study is only a hospital based, descriptive study and therefore there are many limitations. We are trying to establish a neuro-clinic, as well as a development clinic, with few resources and man power. This research team is in the first few steps of developing a coordinated, multidisciplinary team to help children with cerebral palsy and developmental delay. The significance of the study results will help to educate the community about the role of early intervention, the earlier the better, for children with cerebral palsy

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ON SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale on carrageenan-induced inflammation on SpragueDawley (SD) rats.Methods: SD rats were divided into six of five groups and allowed to acclimatize for 1 week. Inflammation was induced on the animal by injecting theright hand paw with carrageenan (0.1 ml of 1%). Group 1 was given normal saline and served as a control. Group 2 was fed with food and water andserved as the carrageenan control. Group 3 was given 200 mg/kg aqueous extract of ginger, Group 4 with 400 mg/kg aqueous extract of ginger, andGroup 5 with 150 mg/kg diclofenac sodium (reference drug for inflammation).Results: The paw edema in carrageenan-induced SD rats was considerably reduced by treating with 400 mg/kg aqueous ginger extracts whencompared to the untreated SD rats (p<0.001).Conclusion: This study indicates that aqueous extract of Z. officinale possesses anti-inflammatory properties.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Sprague Dawley rats, Zingiber officinale, Carrageenan, Edem