Passiflora edulis peel intake improves insulin sensitivity, increasing incretins and hypothalamic satietogenic neuropeptide in rats on a high-fat diet

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Passiflora edulis peel flour (PEPF) intake on hypothalamic neuropeptides messenger RNA expression, insulin sensitivity, and other metabolic parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in 3 groups: a control group, fed on a normal fat diet; a HF group, fed on a high-fat diet (35% fat [w/w]); and a high-fat Passiflora flour (HFPF) group, fed on a HF diet containing PEPF. The rats from the HFPF group as well as the HF group were kept on an HF diet for the first 4 wk to induce metabolic conditions related to obesity. Then the HFPF group was switched to a HF diet containing PEPF for additional 6 wk. Other groups were kept on normal-fat and HF diet without addition of PEPF during the whole period of experiment. The glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were evaluated through the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and the insulin tolerance test (ITT). Gut hormones and adipokines were measured through an immunoassay. The hypothalamic neuropeptides expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The PEPF intake increased the hypothalamic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript expression (CART) (P < 0.05), counteracted cumulative body weight gain (P < 0.001), decreased adiposity (P < 0.05) and leptin level (P < 0.01), whereas increased adiponectin (P < 0.01), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P < 0.01), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (P < 0.001) improved the insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity rats by increasing the kITT (glucose disappearance rate) (P < 0.01), which was calculated during the ITT. Other gut hormones (peptide tyrosine tyrosine, pancreatic polypeptide, and amylin) and interleukins (IL) (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) were not changed by the PEPF intake. Conclusion: Our findings provide a further understanding of how the PEPF works as a dietary component to improve glucose homeostasis and demonstrate a molecular mechanism that may increase satiety by PEPF in diet-induced obesity.327-8863870CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPSem informação2012/12322-

Jaboticaba berry peel intake increases short chain fatty acids production and prevent hepatic steatosis in mice fed high-fat diet

In this study, a preventive model was proposed to check whether the intake of Myrciaria jaboticaba berry peel (MJP) could avoid harmful effects caused by a high-fat diet. The intake of the high-fat diet supplemented with MJP (HM mice) down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue and prevented adipose tissue growth and accumulation. In addition, the intake of the high-fat diet supplemented with MJP prevented weight gain, increased the excretion of triglycerides, reduced hepatic steatosis area and stimulated the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by the large intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, hepatic mRNA PPAR-α level was lowered in non-fasted animals of the HM mice, indicating lower oxidation of both fatty acids and lipotoxic metabolites by the liver. In conclusion, MJP intake induces higher production of the gut SCFA, compounds known to counteract obesity markers, as shown by the lowering of adipose tissue inflammation, weight gain, dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis.48266274CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP301108/2016-1 ; 403328/2016-0 ; 305099/2011-6Sem informação2015/50333-

Bioaccessibility and catabolism of phenolic compounds from jaboticaba (Myrciaria trunciflora) fruit peel during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation

Jaboticaba peel powder (JPP) digestion was investigated for the first time using an in vitro static model of gastrointestinal digestion associated with a colonic fermentation assay with human feces to elucidate the catabolism and bioaccessibility of fruit polyphenols. Anthocyanins had low bioaccessibility (0.08–2.3%). Most hydrolyzable tannins (1.2–166.0%) and flavonols (0–36.8%) had greater bioaccessibility than anthocyanins. Despite their low bioaccessibility (0.08–2.3%), anthocyanins were the most abundant polyphenols in JPP and in the bioaccessible intestinal fraction followed by hydrolyzable tannins. There was fast degradation of anthocyanins and progressive catabolism of hydrolyzable tannins during the colonic fermentation assay. Urolithins and protocatechuic acid were the major catabolites found; their increase was parallel to the decrease of pathogenic bacteria counts and increase of short-chain fatty acids and gas production. JPP digestion yields bioactive polyphenol catabolites that may act as antioxidants and, with JPP dietary fiber, improve gut microbiota metabolism65CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP303654/2017-1; 403328/2016-0; 301108/2016-1; 458664/2014-6sem informação2015/50333-1; 2018/11069-