4 research outputs found
Estimated daily intake, total fecal output and percentage eliminated of main macronutrients in the obese (Ob) and lean (Le) Zucker rats. Control group (CT) and rosemary extract (RE)-supplemented rats.
a<p>: values expressed per rat and per day and calculated using the average daily diet intake and diet composition presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094687#pone.0094687.s003" target="_blank">Table S1</a>; <sup>b</sup>total dietary fiber (AOAC 985.29); <sup>c</sup>: f.w., fresh weight; <sup>d</sup>: g/100 fecal fresh weight; <sup>e</sup>: mg/rat day; <sup>f</sup>: (% eliminated with respect to daily intake); <sup>g</sup>: carbohydrates were estimated by difference; *: <i>P</i><0.05 and **: <i>P</i><0.01 against the CT group.</p
Effect of the RE-supplementation on gut enzyme activity.
<p>α-Amylase activity in the small intestine and ÎČ-glucosidase activity in the caecum of obese (Ob) and lean (Le) Zucker female rats. Results are shown as % of inhibition respect to the activity in the corresponding control (CT) group.</p
Effect of the RE-supplementation on SCFA fecal composition.
<p>Results are shown as ”g/g of feces f.w. (fresh weight) in obese (Ob) and lean (Le) female Zucker rats fed a control (CT) diet or the diet supplemented with the rosemary extract (RE) rich in carnosic acid (CA, âŒ40%). Significant differences between groups are indicated by *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p
Discriminant principal component analysis (PCA).
<p>Analysis of the caecum bacterial groups in Zucker male obese (Ob) and lean (Le) rats and the serum triglycerides, cholesterol, leptin, insulin, adiponectin, TNF-α, and IL-1ÎČ previously measured in the same animals <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094687#pone.0094687-Slavin1" target="_blank">[16]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094687#pone.0094687-Selma1" target="_blank">[17]</a>. Plot analysis of the four animal groups: control lean rats (CTLe, open squares), RE-supplemented lean rats (RELe, black diamonds), control obese rats (CTOb, open triangles) and RE-supplemented obese rats (REOb, black circles).</p