Estimated presence of nonmotor symptoms in <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S Parkinson’s disease patients and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients in relation to onset of motor symptoms.

<p><i>LRRK2</i> G2019S PD: <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S related Parkinson’s disease; IPD: Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, OMS: onset of motor symptoms, RBD: REM sleep behavior disorder, EDS: excessive daytime sleepiness.</p><p>Estimated presence of nonmotor symptoms in <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S Parkinson’s disease patients and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients in relation to onset of motor symptoms.</p

General demographic data and parkinsonian motor symptoms in patients with <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S associated Parkinson’s disease, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and healthy subjects.

<p><i>LRRK2</i> G2019S PD: <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S related Parkinson’s disease; IPD: Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease; HS: healthy subjects.</p>1<p>Mean ± Standard deviation (Range).</p>¶<p>Kruskal-Wallis analysis;</p>§<p>Mann-Whitney U test;</p>#<p>Chi-square test;</p>±<p>Fisher’s exact test.</p><p>General demographic data and parkinsonian motor symptoms in patients with <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S associated Parkinson’s disease, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and healthy subjects.</p

University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) scores.

<p>UPSIT scores in LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson’s disease patients, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy controls (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108982#pone-0108982-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.A). UPSIT score in each group separated by sex (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108982#pone-0108982-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.B). Circles represent individual values, while the bar refers to the mean UPSIT score in each group. IPD: idiopathic Parkinson’s disease; LRRK2-PD: LRRK2 associated Parkinson’s disease, HS: healthy subjects.</p

Nonmotor symptoms in patients with <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S associated Parkinson’s disease, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and healthy subjects.

<p><i>LRRK2</i> G2019S PD: <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S-related Parkinson’s disease; IPD: Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease; HS: healthy subjects. G-I: Gastro-intestinal; RBD: REM behavior disorder; EDS: excessive daytime sleepiness.</p>#<p>Chi-square test;</p>±<p>Fisher’s exact test;</p>¶<p>Kruskal-Wallis analysis;</p>§<p>Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test;</p><p>*Statistically significant: <i>P<</i>0.05;</p>1<p>Mean ± Standard deviation (Range);</p>2<p>Hyposmia was arbitrarily defined as an UPSIT score lower than the mean–2 SD UPSIT score obtained in a subset of healthy subjects of the same gender and similar age.</p><p>Nonmotor symptoms in patients with <i>LRRK2</i> G2019S associated Parkinson’s disease, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and healthy subjects.</p