Metabolic profile of CHO cells growing at different culture temperatures and dilution rates.

<p>A: Glucose concentration. B: Lactate concentration. C: Glutamate concentration. • Condition 37°C and 0.017 h⁻¹; ○ Condition 33°C and 0.017 h⁻¹; ▴ Condition 37°C and 0.012 h⁻¹; ▵ Condition 33°C and 0.012 h⁻¹. Black dotted line: Start of SS 0.017 h⁻¹. Red dotted line: Start of SS 0.012 h⁻¹.</p

Differential effect of culture temperature and dilution rate on protein production and mRNA expression of rht-PA.

<p>A: Specific productivity of rht-PA. B: Log fold change of mRNA of rht-PA. ▪ Condition 37°C; □ Condition 33°C.</p

Profile of CHO cells growing, viability and rht-PA production at different culture temperatures and dilution rates.

<p>A: Viable cell concentration. B: Viability percentage. C: rht-PA concentration. • Condition 37°C and 0.017 h⁻¹; ○ Condition 33°C and 0.017 h⁻¹; ▴ Condition 37°C and 0.012 h⁻¹; ▵ Condition 33°C and 0.012 h⁻¹. Black dotted line: Start of SS 0.017 h⁻¹. Red dotted line: Start of SS 0.012 h⁻¹.</p

Metabolic behavior of CHO cells growing at different culture temperatures and dilution rates.

<p>A: Specific rate of glucose consumption. B: Specific rate of lactate consumption. C: Specific rate of glutamate consumption. D: Lactate yield from glucose. ▪ Condition 37°C; □ Condition 33°C.</p