Aplicaciones de la biología a la investigación forense: del laboratorio a los tribunales de justicia

Las Ciencias Forenses, como aplicación de los métodos científicos a la resolución de cuestiones legales, son un campo apasionante de estudio, investigación y ejercicio profesional, cada vez más complejo y, por lo tanto, de ámbito multidisciplinar. En ellas se emplean principios científicos (químicos, físicos, biológicos, médicos….), así como fundamentos de las ciencias sociales y jurídicas para la resolución de casos legales. Constituyen una disciplina en rápida evolución que adquiere una importancia cada vez mayor en los ámbitos científico y jurídico. Ello se deriva del creciente número de casos de violencia, voluntaria o no, generadores de conflictos que involucran, con frecuencia, resoluciones judiciales y, por otro lado, la exigencia, por parte de las distintas instancias que intervienen en el sistema judicial, en cuanto al rigor y la seguridad de las pruebas científicas producidas. En los últimos años, las nuevas investigaciones y el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías analíticas han dado lugar a rápidos avances en la aplicación forense de distintas áreas de las Ciencias como Biología, Biotecnología, Bioquímica o Ciencias Ambientales.Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia UMA. Facultad de Ciencias UMA

Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Human Breast Milk from Industrial/Mining and Agricultural Zones of Southeastern Spain

© 2021 The authors. This document is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the published version of a published work that appeared in final form in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.Human breast milk is the most complete foodstuff for infants but can also be a potential source of exposure to toxic chemicals. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of metal pollution in the breast milk of women living in agricultural and industrial/mining areas of the Region of Murcia (Spain) that are well known for their cases of environmental pollution. Human milk samples were collected from 50 mothers and inorganic contaminants were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The mean or maximum concentrations of the different inorganic elements analyzed in breast milk, with the exception of manganese, exceeded the maximum limits established by the WHO and could constitute a high risk for pregnant mothers and their children. The breast milk of women living in the industrial/mining zone presented the highest levels of aluminum, zinc, arsenic, lead, mercury and nickel. On the contrary, the highest concentrations of manganese, chromium and iron were determined in the milk of women living in the agricultural zone. These results suggested and confirmed different profiles of environmental contamination of these areas

Avance en el diagnóstico postmorten del sufrimiento miocárdio agudo / Mª Dolores Pérez Cárceles ; directores Aurelio Luna Maldonado, Eduardo Javier Osuna Carrillo de Albornoz.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.MEDICINA ESPINARDO. DEPOSITO. MU-Tesis 340.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. T.M.-915

Is There a Role for the Microbiome and Sudden Death? A Systematic Review

©. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This document is the Published Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Life. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121345Background. Sudden unexpected death (SUD) is one of the most important and worthy investigation case profiles in emergency medicine and forensic pathology. Sudden unexpected deaths in adults (SUDA) are frequently caused by cardiac events, while infections usually cause those in infants younger than one year (SUDI), and to a lesser extent, in children older than one year (SUDC). However, in some instances of children under the age of one dying (SIDS), a cause is not discovered despite a thorough investigation that includes a review of clinical history, examination of the death scene, and a complete autopsy. Several studies demonstrate that the microbiome influences host immunity, alters susceptibility to viral respiratory infections, and has a vital role in various health, disease, and death outcomes. The main objective of this systematic review was to compile and offer a complete vision of the main lines of research on microbiome and sudden death that have emerged in recent years and their relationship with forensic sciences, as well as the possible contributions or limitations in the field of forensic sciences. Methods. Following PRISMA principles, a systematic evaluation of the microbiome and sudden death in forensic science was conducted. In this review, our study classified the sudden deaths as SUDA, SUDI, and SIDS. Results. The role of microbiome research in sudden death is discussed in this review. Various studies have linked the detection of different bacteria or viruses as a probable cause of sudden death. Bacteria analysed differ between studies that used autopsy specimens from deaths classified as SUDA, SUDI, and SIDS, or, except in the case of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which have been analysed in both SUDI and SIDS autopsies. In the case of viruses, only Cytomegalovirus has been analysed in both SIDS and SUDI cases. However, all the viruses studied are respiratory viruses found in samples of nasopharyngeal or lung fluid. Conclusions. Although the application of the microbiome in sudden death and other fields of forensic science is still in its early stages, a role of the microbiome in sudden deaths cannot be ruled out, but we cannot conclude that it is a significant factor either.

Concepto y actitudes sobre la muerte en la infancia / Soledad Navarro Seguí ; directores Mª Dolores Pérez Cárceles, Aurelio Luna Maldonado.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.MEDICINA ESPINARDO. DEPOSITO. MU-Tesis 662.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. DEPOSITO. T.M-1946

Aplicación de la difracción de rayos X y de análisis termogravimétrico a la estimación de la data de los restos óseos / Pilar Alvarez Jiménez ; directores, Aurelio Luna Maldonado, Carmen Pérez Sirvent, Dolores Pérez Cárceles.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.MEDICINA ESPINARDO. DEPOSITO. MU-Tesis 614.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. DEPOSITO. T.M-1943

Estudio de los enfermos ingresados en el Hospital Psiquiátrico penitenciario de Alicante : reflexiones sobre la aplicación de la política legislativa actual / Cristina Iñigo Barrio ; Directores: Aurelio Luna Maldonado, María Dolores Pérez Cárceles, Estanislao Cabrero Cabrero.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.MEDICINA ESPINARDO. DEPOSITO. MU-Tesis 517

Suicidal Behavior and Its Relationship with Postmortem Forensic Toxicological Findings

Suicide affects all sociodemographic levels, age groups, and populations worldwide. The factors that can increase the risk of suicidal tendencies are widely studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the types and combinations of toxics found in fatal suicide victims with different suicide mechanisms. A total of 355 autopsies were retrospectively studied, and 26 toxics were determined and related to mechanisms of suicide. Hanging (55%), drug overdose (22.7%), and jumping from a height (17.8%) were most represented suicide mechanisms with positive toxicology. Hanging was the most represented in men (50.3%; p = 0.019), while jumping from a height was more represented in women (29.7%, p = 0.028). Drugs of abuse were the most frequent toxics found in men (55.5%; p < 0.001), while medicines were the most frequent type found in women (70.3%, p < 0.001). Alcohol, nordiazepam, cocaine, and venlafaxine were the most consumed toxics. Benzodiazepines and venlafaxine were found in suicides involving drug overdose, hanging, and jumping from a height. In conclusion, most suicides were associated with drug abuse in men. Hanging was more represented in men and jumping from a height in women. Alcohol was present in combination with other toxics and medicines. The toxicological analysis is fundamental to understanding consumption patterns and establishing strategies and protocols for detecting and preventing suicide

Estudio de la calidad de la información preoperatoria en pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente / José Antonio Pérez Moreno ; directores Aurelio Luna Maldonado, Eduardo Javier Osuna Carrillo de Albornoz, Mª Dolores Pérez Cárceles.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.MEDICINA ESPINARDO. DEPOSITO. MU-Tesis 483.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. T.M.-1424