Atomistic Conversion Reaction Mechanism of WO3 in Secondary Ion Batteries of Li, Na, and Ca

Intercalation and conversion are two fundamental chemical processes for battery materials in response to ion insertion. The interplay between these two chemical processes has never been directly seen and understood at atomic scale. Here, using in situ HRTEM, we captured the atomistic conversion reaction processes during Li, Na, Ca insertion into a WO3 single crystal model electrode. An intercalation step prior to conversion is explicitly revealed at atomic scale for the first time for Li, Na, Ca. Nanoscale diffraction and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations revealed that after intercalation, the inserted ion–oxygen bond formation destabilizes the transition‐metal framework which gradually shrinks, distorts and finally collapses to an amorphous W and MxO (M=Li, Na, Ca) composite structure. This study provides a full atomistic picture of the transition from intercalation to conversion, which is of essential importance for both secondary ion batteries and electrochromic devices.Das Wechselspiel zwischen Ioneninterkalation und Umwandlung des WO3‐Elektrodenmaterials wurde durch In‐situ‐TEM auf atomarer Ebene untersucht. Die Bildung von Ion‐Sauerstoff‐Bindungen destabilisiert das WO3‐Gerüst: Es schrumpft, wird verzerrt und fällt schließlich zu einer amorphen W‐ und MxO‐Verbundstruktur (M=Li, Na, Ca) zusammen.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134843/1/ange201601542_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134843/2/ange201601542.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134843/3/ange201601542-sup-0001-misc_information.pd

Atomistic Conversion Reaction Mechanism of WO3 in Secondary Ion Batteries of Li, Na, and Ca

Intercalation and conversion are two fundamental chemical processes for battery materials in response to ion insertion. The interplay between these two chemical processes has never been directly seen and understood at atomic scale. Here, using in situ HRTEM, we captured the atomistic conversion reaction processes during Li, Na, Ca insertion into a WO3 single crystal model electrode. An intercalation step prior to conversion is explicitly revealed at atomic scale for the first time for Li, Na, Ca. Nanoscale diffraction and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations revealed that after intercalation, the inserted ion–oxygen bond formation destabilizes the transition‐metal framework which gradually shrinks, distorts and finally collapses to an amorphous W and MxO (M=Li, Na, Ca) composite structure. This study provides a full atomistic picture of the transition from intercalation to conversion, which is of essential importance for both secondary ion batteries and electrochromic devices.The interplay between ion intercalation and WO3 battery electrode conversion was investigated at atomic scale by using in situ HRTEM. The ion–oxygen bond formation destabilizes the WO3 framework which gradually shrinks, distorts and finally collapses to an amorphous W and MxO (M=Li, Na, Ca) composite structure.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135051/1/anie201601542.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135051/2/anie201601542-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135051/3/anie201601542_am.pd

Adjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Adjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy After Radical Surgery for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A Randomized, Non-Inferiority, Multicenter Trial

We conducted a prospective study to assess the non-inferiority of adjuvant chemotherapy alone versus adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as an alternative strategy for patients with early-stage (FIGO 2009 stage IB-IIA) cervical cancer having risk factors after surgery. The condition was assessed in terms of prognosis, adverse effects, and quality of life. This randomized trial involved nine centers across China. Eligible patients were randomized to receive adjuvant chemotherapy or CCRT after surgery. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS). From December 2012 to December 2014, 337 patients were subjected to randomization. Final analysis included 329 patients, including 165 in the adjuvant chemotherapy group and 164 in the adjuvant CCRT group. The median follow-up was 72.1 months. The three-year PFS rates were both 91.9%, and the five-year OS was 90.6% versus 90.0% in adjuvant chemotherapy and CCRT groups, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the PFS or OS between groups. The adjusted HR for PFS was 0.854 (95% confidence interval 0.415-1.757; P = 0.667) favoring adjuvant chemotherapy, excluding the predefined non-inferiority boundary of 1.9. The chemotherapy group showed a tendency toward good quality of life. In comparison with post-operative adjuvant CCRT, adjuvant chemotherapy treatment showed non-inferior efficacy in patients with early-stage cervical cancer having pathological risk factors. Adjuvant chemotherapy alone is a favorable alternative post-operative treatment

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the <i>PpYUCCA</i> Gene Family in Weeping Peach Trees (<i>Prunus persica</i> ‘Pendula’)

Auxin is an important endogenous plant hormone that is usually present as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The flavin monooxygenase YUCCA is the rate-limiting enzyme of IAA biosynthesis and plays an important regulatory role in plant growth and development. To further investigate the function of the YUCCA gene family in weeping peach trees, members of the YUCCA gene family were identified via bioinformatics analysis. The gene structure and conserved domains of the weeping peach YUCCA genes were investigated, and phylogenetic analysis and gene annotation were carried out. Fourteen PpYUCCAs were identified in the weeping peach variety ‘Hongchuizhi’ and were found to be randomly located on five different chromosomes. Moreover, the prediction of subcellular localization showed that most of the YUCCA proteins were localized in the cytoplasm. Based on our transcriptome analysis, only nine PpYUCCAs, including PpYUCCA1, PpYUCCA3/4/5/6, PpYUCCA9, and PpYUCCA12/13/14, were expressed in the weeping peach branches, which could result in the accumulation of auxin. PpYUCCA6/12 may play a critical role in the appearance of the weeping trait, as indicated by the higher expression levels found in the Hongchuizhi variety compared with the Xiahui 6 variety. The results of this study provide a foundation for further research on the biological functions of PpYUCCAs in weeping peach trees

Outcomes of laparoscopic versus open total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background The effectiveness of laparoscopic total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy (LTGD2) remains controversial. This meta-analysis compares surgical and survival outcomes of LTGD2 and open total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy (OTGD2) for gastric cancer. Methods Controlled studies comparing LTGD2 and OTGD2 published before November 2021 were retrieved via database searches. We compared intraoperative outcomes, pathological data, postoperative outcomes, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Results 17 studies were included, containing 4742 patients. Compared with OTGD2, the LTGD2 group had less blood loss (mean difference [MD] = − 122.48; 95% CI: − 187.60, − 57.37; P = 0.0002), fewer analgesic medication (MD = -2.48; 95% CI: − 2.69, − 2.27; P < 0.00001), earlier first flatus (MD = − 1.03; 95% CI: − 1.80, − 0.26; P = 0.009), earlier initial food intake (MD = − 0.89; 95% CI: − 1.09, − 0.68; P < 0.00001) and shorter hospital stay (MD = − 3.24; 95% CI: − 3.75, − 2.73; P < 0.00001). The LTGD2 group had lower postoperative total complication ratio (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.92; P = 0.006), incision (OR = 0.50; 95% CI:0.31, 0.79; P = 0.003) and pulmonary (OR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.96; P = 0.03) complication rates, but similar rates of other complications and mortality. Total number of dissected lymph nodes were similar, but the number of No. 10 dissected nodes was less with LTGD2 (MD = − 0.31; 95% CI: − 0.46, − 0.16; P < 0.0001). There was no difference in 5-year OS (P = 0.19) and DFS (P = 0.34) between LTGD2 and OTGD2 groups. Conclusions LTGD2 produces small trauma, fast postoperative recovery and small length of hospital stays than OTGD2, and had similar long-term clinical efficacy as OTGD2. However, these results still need further high-quality prospective randomized controlled trials confirmation

Maximum full likelihood, maximum conditional likelihood and minimum chi-square estimates under the beta model for capture probability.

C is the number of cells after pooling counts in the right tail of fc and is the minimum chi-square point estimator of N. The chi-square statistic X2, its degree of freedom df and p-value summarize the minimum chi-square goodness-of-fit test for the beta model. Interval estimates and their widths using parametric bootstrap and bootstrap of individuals are also shown.</p

The geometry of the bootstrap confidence intervals: Plots of the 100 point estimates versus the “centre-point” of the confidence interval for C = 4, C = 5, C = 6, and C = 7 where <i>N</i> = 4000, <i>T</i> = 10 and the capture probability distribution is beta.

The geometry of the bootstrap confidence intervals: Plots of the 100 point estimates versus the “centre-point” of the confidence interval for C = 4, C = 5, C = 6, and C = 7 where N = 4000, T = 10 and the capture probability distribution is beta.</p

Maximum full likelihood, maximum conditional likelihood and minimum chi-square estimates under the homogeneity assumption for capture probability.

C is the number of cells after pooling counts in the right tail of fc, is the estimated value of N and is the estimated capture probability p. The chi-square statistic X2, its degree of freedom df and p-value summarize the minimum chi-square goodness-of-fit test for the homogeneity model for capture probabilities.</p

Histograms of samples of size 1000 bootstrap minimum chi-square estimates for the population size for C = 4, C = 5, C = 6, and C = 7, respectively, where <i>N</i> = 4000, <i>T</i> = 10 and the capture probability model is beta.

Below the plots are the test statistics and the corresponding p-values of Shapiro-Wilk test for the null hypothesis that the bootstrap estimates are normally distributed.</p

QQ-plots of a sample of <i>n</i> = 200 partial minimum chi-square statistic values versus quantiles of the asymptotic chi-square distribution for C = 4, C = 5, C = 6, and C = 7, respectively, where <i>N</i> = 4000, <i>T</i> = 10, and the capture probability distribution is beta.

QQ-plots of a sample of n = 200 partial minimum chi-square statistic values versus quantiles of the asymptotic chi-square distribution for C = 4, C = 5, C = 6, and C = 7, respectively, where N = 4000, T = 10, and the capture probability distribution is beta.</p