Resistance and Phenotypic Character of Chili M2 Mutant Lines Against Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

Chilli veinal mottle virus infection (ChiVMV) could reduce the quality and 60–100% of yield losses of Chili. Among the Chilivarieties released, no one has been resistant to ChiVMV, mainly due to a high variation of ChiVMV strains and not well mapped.Therefore, finding a new source of ChiVMV resistant genes is pivotal role in order to assembly new varieties. Approach throughin vitro mutation induction using mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) is one of the efforts to increase genetic diversity.Previous studies has successfully acquired 800 M2 lines through callus induction of Gelora variety with EMS. This study aimed toobtain M2 lines resistant to ChiVMV and having a good agronomical characters. A total of 800 Chili M2 lines that derived from ChiliM2 mutations using mutagen EMS has been tested in greenhouse to ChiVMV resistance and studied character phenotype. Theresults showed that of the 800 lines, there were 28 strains obtained showed a response tolerant and resistant to ChiVMV. Eightmutant lines of which have good agronomic characters. The mutant lines are M2.100, M2.108, M2.200, M2. 122, M2.238, M2.353,M2.420, and M2.517. Eight lines will be selected and further observed to obtain Chili promising lines that are resistant to ChiVMVand high yielding

Produksi Dan Evaluasi Antibodi Poliklonal Untuk Deteksi Toksin Photorhabdus Spp.

Production and Evaluation of Polyclonal Antibody forDetection of Photorhabdus spp. Toxin. Yadi Suryadi, IfaManzila, Alina Akhdiya, and Etty Pratiwi. The researchwas aimed to produce and evaluate polyclonal antibody(PAb) for specific Photorhabdus spp. bacterial toxin detection.Photorhabdus spp. toxin of HJ isolates which was purifiedusing Hi Prep. 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 HR column chromatographyrevealed three different peaks of polypeptides.The results showed that the protein concentration of crudeantigen protein (supernatant) was 3,711 μg/μl, whilst fractionof protein was 1,95 x 10-2 μg/μl, respectively. The bioassayusing Tenebrio molitor larvae-3 indicated that after 48 happlication, the percentage of larvae mortality by crude antigenwas lower (73%) than by fraction antigen (93%). Basedupon NCM-ELISA test, PAb of fraction protein derived fromHJ isolate reacted with Photorhabdus spp. antigen yieldedstronger or darker violet color on membrane than that ofcrude protein. In addition, it was observed that PAb coulddifferentiate specifically Photorhabdus spp. toxin with otherbacterial filtrate such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, X.campestris pv glycinea, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonassyringae pv glycinea and P. fluorescens, however itshowed cross reaction with Escherichia coli. Further testsare needed in optimizing PAb-Photorhabdus spp. sensitivityto achieve effective concentration for detection of Photorhabdusspp. toxin as well as specificity test against otherbacterial antigens

Eksplorasi Dan Karakterisasi Entomopatogen Asal Berbagai Inang Dan Lokasi [Exploration and Characterization of Entomopathogenic From Various Host and Location]

Microbial groups of entomopathogenic (fungi and bacteria) had been reported causing insect mortality. The aim of the study was to explore and characterized entomopathogenic from various host and locations. Fungal identification at genus and species level was caried out based on conidial morphology, hyphal growth, conidiophore and colony color; whilst for bacterial identification was based on standard Bergey\u27s manual for determinative bacteria. Sixteen entomopathogenic isolates that consisted of fungal and bacteria have been collected and preserved for further characterization. Of the 16 entomopathogen collected samples, five fungal genera was found i.e. Paecilomyces; Metarhizium, Beauveria, Hirsutella; and Cordyceps. Seven isolates belonging to six fungal isolates, and one bacterial isolate had been identified based upon ITS and 16S rDNA sequences, respectively. We confirmed that 6 fungal isolates belong to species of Paecilomyces reniformis, B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, M. anisopliae var acridum, Hirsutella thomsonii. One isolate of red pigmented bacteria Sm201102 have been identified was belonging to species Seratia marcescence. It was also obtained two fungal isolates from different host (spider and beetle) which confirmed by morphological character belong to Cordyceps sp

Karakterisasi ß-1,3-1,4-glukanasebakteri Endofitik Burkholderia Cepacia Isolate76 Asal Tanaman Padi [Characterization of ß-1,3-1,4-glucanase From Rice Endophytic Bacterium Burkholderia Cepacia E76]

Pathogenic fungus is one of the constraints to increase crop production. Chemical control using fungicides caused negative effects either to the environment or increased pathogen resistance to fungicide. Biological control using microbial-producing ß glucanase is an alternative method to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungus. The aim of this study was to characterize ß-1,3-1,4-glucanase produced by rice endophytic bacterium, B. cepacia E76. Purification was carried out by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, and ion exchange chromatography using DEAE sepharose Fast Flow. A further characteristic of the enzyme activity was studied using oatmeal-glucan substrate.Results showed that precipitation using saturated 80% ammonium sulphate generated a good yield with the purity increased by 11 fold and yield of 66%.After chromatography step, the ß-1,3-1,4-glucanase of B. cepacia was successfully purified with an increasedof purity up to 33 fold and yield of 4%. Based on 10% SDS-PAGE, the enzyme profiles had the molecular weight of 15, 48 and 55 kDa.Of the three isozymes, only the 48 kDa isozyme showed the strongest glucanase activity when grown on media containing glucan as substrate