Direct Numerical Simulation of Magnetic Particles Suspended in a Newtonian Fluid Exhibiting Finite Inertia Under SAOS

The corresponding author wishes to express his sincerest thanks to the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) for supporting this work under Contract Number 92021291.Peer reviewedPostprin

Preparation of immunotoxin herceptin-botulinum and killing effects on two breast cancer cell lines

Background: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women and a leading cause of cancer deaths. The age of onset in Iran has become reduced by a decade for unknown reasons. Herceptin, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is a target therapy for breast cancer cells with over expression of HER2-neu receptors, but it is an expensive drug with only 20 beneficial rate of survival. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the efficacy of this drug through immunoconjugation of the antibody to botulinum toxin. Decreasing the cost and adverse effects of the antibody were secondary goals of this study. Materials and Methods: Botulinum toxin was conjugated with Herceptin using heterobifunctional cross linkers, succinimidyl acetylthiopropionate (SATP) and sulfo-succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) according to the supplier's guidelines and tested on two breast cancer cell lines: SK-BR-3 and BT-474. Toxin and Herceptin were also used separately as controls. The cytotoxicity assay was also performed using the new bioconjugate on cultured cells with Alamar blue and a fluorescence plate reader. Results: Herceptin-Toxin bioconjugation significantly improved Herceptin efficacy on both breast cancer cell lines when compared to the control group. Conclusions: Toxin-Herceptin bioconjugation can be a potential candidate with increased efficiency for treating breast cancer patients with over expression of the HER2 receptor

A compressible turbulent flow solver for complex 3d configurations

A numerical procedure is presented for simulating three dimensional turbulen t flow pro blems. The mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved iogether with the low-Reynolds k - OJ two-equation turbulence model. The standard Galerkin approach is used for spatia l discretisation. Stabilisation and discont inuity capturing is achieved by the addition of an appropri ate diffusion. An explic it multistage time stepping scheme is used to advance the solution in time to steady state. The study of reali stic problems involving complex geometries can be achieved by using paral lel computers. The results of a simulation involv ing "transonic turbulent flow about a complete aircraft are presente

Simulation of Three Phase Flow in Porous Media Using a High-Resolution Central Scheme

This article aims to demonstrate the advantages of using a high resolution central scheme in the field of multiphase flow in porous media. The black oil model, used in the petroleum reservoir engineering, is employed as it generally provides an acceptable model for most reservoirs and recovery processes. The governing equations are split into a parabolic equation for pressure variations and a system of hyperbolic equations for species transport. The hyperbolic part has non-convex degenerate flux functions which presents a major challenge to the robustness of numerical schemes. The two sets of equations are discretized on a triangular unstructured grid. A semi-discrete CFL-independent high-resolution central scheme due to Kurganov and Tadmor is employed in this work. Two test cases, one with top view and the other with cross sectional view, are solved to assess the performance of the proposed approach. Comparing the obtained results with those of the previous works indicates the robustness and accuracy of the scheme used. The simplicity of derivation and implementation of the numerical method used here makes it a viable choice for dealing with degenerate reservoir problems. Simulations show that inclusion of the gravitational effects in the second test case does not introduce any additional complications in the numerical method. This is in contrast to those schemes which require eigenvalue computations and therefore face substantial difficulty when eigenvalues change dramatically

Extension of Mohr-coulomb model into state dependent softening of sand and its application in large deformation analysis

State transformation is common in soil shearing problem and causes much difficulty in soil description in numerical simulation. For characterizing the state transformation of sand, dilatancy angle and friction angle are linked with soil state parameter, i.e. the difference between current void ratio and void ratio at critical state. Further, state dependent dilatancy angle and friction angle are introduced into classical MC model. The new model shows robust stability in large deformation analysis and offers prediction matching the softening/hardening behavior of sand in laboratory tests, as well as the penetration resistance of spudcan into soil.</p