Predictors of Post Prandial Glucose Level in Diabetic Elderly

Post prandial glucose (PPG) level describes the speed of glucose absorption after 2 hours of macronutrient consumption. By knowing this, we could get the big picture of insulin regulation function and macronutrient metabolism in our body. In elderly, age-related slower glucose metabolism leads to diabetes mellitus (DM) in older age. This study aimed to analyze the predictors of PPG level in diabetics elderly which consist of functional status, self-care activity, sleep quality, and stress level. Cross-sectional study design was applied in this study. There were 45 diabetic elderly participated by filling in study instruments. Pearson and Spearman Rank correlation test were used in data analysis (α<.05). Results showed that most respondents were female elderly, 60-74 years old, had DM for 1-5 years with no family history, and only 33.33% respondents reported regular consumption of oral anti diabetes (OAD). Hypertension was found to be frequent comorbidity. Statistical analysis results showed that functional status, self-care activity, sleep quality, and stress level were not significantly correlated with PPG level in diabetic elderly (all p>α), therefore these variables could not be PPG level predictors. Other factors may play a more important role in predicting PPG level in diabetic elderly

The Best Predictor of Anxiety, Stress, and Depression Among Institutionalized Elderly

Anxiety, stress, and depression are the three most common negative emotional constructs found in the elderly. Evidences available worldwide about how psychological problem could be resulted in mental disorder, and there is significant difference in the context of living in the nursing home and in community setting. This study aimed to determine the best predictor of anxiety, stress, and depression in elderly living in the nursing home, useful for future modification and intervention development. This cross-sectional study involved 145 elderly in a private nursing home in Surabaya, Indonesia. HARS, SPST-20, and GDS were used in data collection. Linear regression and one way ANOVA tests were used in data analysis (α<0.05). Results showed that mostly in old individuals, mild anxiety and stress, and undepressed state were found. Sensory problems and concentration difficulties were the best predictor of anxiety and stress respectively, which were accounted for 61.2% and 65.6% variances of anxiety and stress in nursing home residents respectively. Spirits, life energy, happiness, and feeling wonderful to be alive could not predict depression significantly. Feeling inferior to others is the best predictor of depression, which was accounted for 25.9% variance of depression in this population. Low self-esteem leads to depression in nursing home residents

Kesadaran Caregiver Tentang Resiko Jatuh Pada Lansia (Caregiver Awareness About the Risk of Falling in the Elderly)

Introduction: In the aging process, the elderly experience loss of motor skills in movement. With this change, the ability of the elderly to react to falls has decreased resulted in the occurrence of falls experienced. Caregiver support in fall prevention is needed. The purpose of the literature review is to review the caregiver's awareness of the risk of falling in the elderly. Method: Issues, methodologies, similarities and differences in research are the basis for implementing a literature review. Of the 7 studies, there are five studies using quantitative and two studies using a qualitative approach. The population is all caregivers who care for the elderly and the sample used is some or all caregivers who play a role in elderly care. Result: Based on 7 studies, there were five studies that showed that caregivers had good awareness in preventing the risk of falling in the elderly and there were two studies that provided information that caregivers had less awareness in falling prevention in the elderly. Discussion: With the existence of health education, health promotion even with training provided to caregivers will be able to help caregivers in implementing fall prevention measures for the existing elderly