Monitoring pesticides degradation in apple fruits and potential effects of residues on human health

The behaviour of 12 pesticides used in the treatment of a variety of apples in areal conditions from a Romanian orchard is studied, considering recommended dosages, different stages of fruit development, environmental and atmospheric conditions. Five treatments were applied in recommended dosage considering the phenological growth phases, at 23 days intervals between treatments. Pesticides degraded quickly in apples during the first days, when 30–50% from the initial concentration is lost. Pesticides residues at harvesting were below the Maximum Residue Level (MRL) in European Union, excepting tebuconazole and chlorothalonil. The estimated lifetime exposure dose was calculated based on pesticide concentrations in apples at harvesting, and average fruit consumption of 197.08 g/ person/day in EU-27 during 2011. These doses for adults and children were below the reference dose (RfD) for each pesticide, suggesting a negligible risks for consumers. Hazard indices below 1 demonstrate that the studied pesticides do not generate health risks to humans. First published online: 18 Mar 201

Comportamentul unor pesticide aplicate în tratamente multiple în mere

The main objective of this work addresses kinetic studies on the dissipation of 12 pesticides applied in single recommended doseand double dose treatments in apples, considering 6kinetic models which determine the statistical parameters describingpesticide behavior, including their half-lives. The half-lives of pesticides in apples at BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemical industry) scale 76-79 resultedfrom the linear regression equations considering single dose treatments were between 0.01 days (for λ-cyhalothrin) and 74.90 days (for myclobutanil).Data on the rate of dissipation and half-lives of pesticides in various plant compartments are particularly significant for pesticide monitoring and human health impacts and risk assessment