A Web Integration Framework for Cheap Flight Fares

Travel agencies offer their services via the Internet, which creates new methods of communication and connection between customers and third companies. Due to the difficulty that the management of large volume of flight routes represents, it is necessary to capture the information provided by airlines through a variety of services, providing end customers with competitive fares. In this paper, we analyse the information source of flight fares offered by airlines, studying the difficulties, limitations and costs involved in accessing these data. We also review the storage systems available to undertake a study on flight information obtained, serving mainly to show differences in fares for each possible route. A framework that explores the possibilities of finding "hidden" flight fares that result in much cheaper options in comparison to the average price of each flight route will be presented

Uniqueness of static decompositions

We classify static manifolds which admit more than one static decomposition whenever a condition on the curvature is fullfilled. For this, we take a standard static vector field and analyze its associated one parameter family of projections onto the base. We show that the base itself is a static manifold and the warping function satisfies severe restrictions, leading us to our classification results. Moreover, we show that certain condition on the lightlike sectional curvature ensures the uniqueness of static decomposition for Lorentzian manifolds.Comment: 14 page

A scalar approximation to the survey of the architectural, artistic and cultural heritage of the University of Alcalá (Madrid, Spain)

This work presents part of the experience accumulated by the research team of which the authors are members in data collection and information management for the representation of architectural and artistic heritage. To do so, we will analyze the results according to the characteristics of the elements to be studied, which we shall classify according to their scale, location, and nature. In this sense, we propose three working approaches: the L scale, linked to exterior urban spaces, the M scale, for buildings and their interiors, and the S scale, for movable objects and sculptures. Likewise, we address an aspect that is not often dealt with in scientific publications, such as the importance of the graphic planning of tasks and timings in order to make campaigns more efficient. In addition, we performed a critical analysis of the workflows prioritizing the characteristics of the object and the physical constraints that researchers in this field must overcome. As a case study, we shall use the Chapel of San Ildefonso, the foundational space of the University of Alcalá (Madrid), declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The heritage qualities of this space allow us to test and exemplify the work process according to the aforementioned scales of approximation. That is to say, the facade as an example of urban scale (L), the wooden coffered ceiling as the main element of the buildings interior (M) and the tomb of Cardinal Cisneros and the adjacent altarpiece as an example of movable scale (S). In short, the contribution is a reference for the effective planning and execution of the survey process, as well as for the processing of the models discussed

Generative capacities of cellular automata codification for evolution of NN codification

Proceeding of: International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. ICANN 2002, Madrid, Spain, August 28-30, 2002Automatic methods for designing artificial neural nets are desired to avoid the laborious and erratically human expert’s job. Evolutionary computation has been used as a search technique to find appropriate NN architectures. Direct and indirect encoding methods are used to codify the net architecture into the chromosome. A reformulation of an indirect encoding method, based on two bi-dimensional cellular automata, and its generative capacity are presented.Publicad

Evolutionary cellular configurations for designing feed-forward neural networks architectures

Proceeding of: 6th International Work-Conference on Artificial and Natural Neural Networks, IWANN 2001 Granada, Spain, June 13–15, 2001In the recent years, the interest to develop automatic methods to determine appropriate architectures of feed-forward neural networks has increased. Most of the methods are based on evolutionary computation paradigms. Some of the designed methods are based on direct representations of the parameters of the network. These representations do not allow scalability, so to represent large architectures, very large structures are required. An alternative more interesting are the indirect schemes. They codify a compact representation of the neural network. In this work, an indirect constructive encoding scheme is presented. This scheme is based on cellular automata representations in order to increase the scalability of the method

Non-Direct Encoding Method Based on Cellular Automata to Design Neural Network Architectures

Architecture design is a fundamental step in the successful application of Feed forward Neural Networks. In most cases a large number of neural networks architectures suitable to solve a problem exist and the architecture design is, unfortunately, still a human expert’s job. It depends heavily on the expert and on a tedious trial-and-error process. In the last years, many works have been focused on automatic resolution of the design of neural network architectures. Most of the methods are based on evolutionary computation paradigms. Some of the designed methods are based on direct representations of the parameters of the network. These representations do not allow scalability; thus, for representing large architectures very large structures are required. More interesting alternatives are represented by indirect schemes. They codify a compact representation of the neural network. In this work, an indirect constructive encoding scheme is proposed. This scheme is based on cellular automata representations and is inspired by the idea that only a few seeds for the initial configuration of a cellular automaton can produce a wide variety of feed forward neural networks architectures. The cellular approach is experimentally validated in different domains and compared with a direct codification scheme.Publicad

Evolution of Web Acessibility Andalusian Universities

En este trabajo presentamos los resultados del estudio realizado sobre la accesibilidad de las páginas web de diez universidades andaluzas. Destacando qué universidades cumplen las normativas de accesibilidad recomendadas por la Comisión Europea y respetan las directrices de accesibilidad Web desarrollada por el Consorcio World Wide Web (W3C). También se presenta un análisis exhaustivo que enumera los problemas de accesibilidad concretos y la gravedad de los mismos de cada una de las sites universitarias. Los resultados indican que aún queda mucho camino por recorrer hasta conseguir una accesibilidad completa para el conjunto de nuestros estudiantes universitarios.In this paper we present the results of a study on the accessibility of Web pages of ten Andalusian universities. Emphasizing that universities meet accessibility standards recommended by the European Commission and comply with web accessibility guidelines developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). It also presents a comprehensive analysis that enumerates the concrete problems of accessibility and its severity for each of the university sites. The results indicate that much remains to be done in order to achieve full accessibility by all college students

Molecular characterization of a cDNA encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from Deschampsia antarctica and its expression regulated by cold and UV stresses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Copper/Zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) gene, <it>SOD </it>gene, was isolated from a <it>Deschampsia antarctica </it>Desv. by cDNA library screening. The expression of SOD gene in the leaves of <it>D. antarctica </it>was determined by RT-PCR and its differential expression of gene transcripts in conditions of cold and UV radiation stresses was revealed by northern blot.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The molecular characterization shows that <it>SOD </it>cDNA is 709 bp in length, which translates an ORF of 152 amino acids that correspond to a protein of predicted molecular mass of 15 kDa. The assay shows that the expression of <it>SOD </it>gene increases when <it>D. antarctica </it>is acclimatised to 4°C and exposed to UV radiation. These results indicate that the <it>SOD </it>gene of <it>D. antarctica </it>is involved in the antioxidative process triggered by oxidative stress induced by the conditions of environmental change in which they live.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present results allow us to know the characteristics of Cu/ZnSOD gene from <it>D. antarctica </it>and understand that its expression is regulated by cold and UV radiation.</p

Efficient Base-Catalyzed Kemp Elimination in an Engineered Ancestral Enzyme

The routine generation of enzymes with completely new active sites is a major unsolved problem in protein engineering. Advances in this field have thus far been modest, perhaps due, at least in part, to the widespread use of modern natural proteins as scaffolds for de novo engineering. Most modern proteins are highly evolved and specialized and, consequently, difficult to repurpose for completely new functionalities. Conceivably, resurrected ancestral proteins with the biophysical properties that promote evolvability, such as high stability and conformational diversity, could provide better scaffolds for de novo enzyme generation. Kemp elimination, a non-natural reaction that provides a simple model of proton abstraction from carbon, has been extensively used as a benchmark in de novo enzyme engineering. Here, we present an engineered ancestral beta-lactamase with a new active site that is capable of efficiently catalyzing Kemp elimination. The engineering of our Kemp eliminase involved minimalist design based on a single function-generating mutation, inclusion of an extra polypeptide segment at a position close to the de novo active site, and sharply focused, low-throughput library screening. Nevertheless, its catalytic parameters (k(cat)/K-M similar to 2.10(5) M-1 s(-1), k(cat)similar to 635 s(-1)) compare favorably with the average modern natural enzyme and match the best proton-abstraction de novo Kemp eliminases that are reported in the literature. The general implications of our results for de novo enzyme engineering are discussed.Human Frontier Science Program RGP0041/2017Spanish Government RTI-2018-097142-B100 EQC2019-006403-PFEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Economia y Conocimiento E.FQM.113.UGR1