Electronic and electrochemical properties of grid-type metal ion complexes (Fe+2 and Co2+) with a pyridine-pyrimidine-pyridine based bis(hydrazone)

The synthesis of new grid-type complexes of Co2+ and Fe2+ based on a highly soluble double hydrazone framework is reported. The data obtained from 1H NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis indicate that the complexes adopted a grid-like structure. Electronic properties of the metallogrids were analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy in chloroform, methanol, and dichloromethane. Additionally, cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry were carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). These compounds exhibited two oxidation processes corresponding to the organic ligand and several reductions events, comprising the ligand and metal centers. Furthermore, the interplay between the metal nature and the ligand framework was also studied in detail. These results represent an advancement in the chemistry of metallogrids not only because of the few reports concerning to the electrochemical properties found in the literature, but also for the design of novel hydrazone ligands of high solubility and easy preparation.Se reporta la síntesis de nuevos complejos metálicos de Co2+ y Fe2+ tipo rejilla que contienen como ligando orgánico una doble hidrazona altamente soluble en solventes orgánicos. Los datos obtenidos de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN 1H), espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) y análisis elemental indican que los complejos adoptaron una estructura de tipo rejilla. Las propiedades electrónicas de las metalo-rejillas fueron analizadas a través de espectroscopía UV-Vis en cloroformo, metanol y diclorometano. Adicionalmente, se realizaron medidas de voltamperometría cíclica y voltametría de onda cuadrada en DMF. Los complejos exhibieron dos procesos de oxidación atribuidos al ligando orgánico y a varios eventos reductivos que comprometían al ligando y a los centros metálicos, por tanto, la interacción entre la naturaleza del ion metálico y la estructura del ligando fue analizada en detalle. Estos resultados representan un avance en la química de metalo-rejillas no solo por los escasos reportes de propiedades electroquímicas encontrados en la literatura, sino también por el diseño de nuevos ligandos hidrazónicos de alta solubilidad y fácil preparación.Neste trabalho relata-se a síntese de novos complexos de Co2+ e Fe2+ tipo grelha baseados na estrutura de uma hidrazona dupla altamente solúvel em solventes orgânicos. Os dados obtidos de ressonância magnética nuclear (1H RMN), espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), e análise elementar indicam que os complexos adotaram a estrutura tipo grelha. As propriedades eletrônicas das grelhas metálicas foram analisadas por espectroscopia UV-Vis em clorofórmio, metanol e diclorometano. Adicionalmente, foram realizadas medidas de voltametria cíclica e voltametria de onda quadrada em DMF. Os compostos estudados exibiram dois processos de oxidação correspondentes ao ligando orgânico, e a vários eventos redutivos que envolvem o ligando orgânico e os centros metálicos. Além disso, a interação entre a natureza do metal e a estrutura do ligando foi estudada em detalhe. Estes resultados representam um avanço na química de metalo-grelhas não somente pelos escassos relatos de propriedades eletroquímicas encontrados na literatura, mas também pelo design de novos ligandos hidrazônicos de alta solubilidade e fácil preparação

Structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical analysis of a molecular system based on 2-((2-(4-chlorophenylhydrazone)methyl)quinolone

A novel molecular system based on 2-((2-(4-chlorophenylhydrazone)methyl)quinoline (1-E) was synthesized. Interconversion of 1-E to its configurational isomer 1-Z was achieved using UV radiation (250 W Hg lamp). Such isomerization was monitored by 1H-NMR. The results suggest that the hydrazone derivative can act as a chemical brake in solution. This molecular system was structurally (Single Crystal X-Ray diffraction and DFT calculations) and spectroscopically (NMR, UV, and IR) characterized. Electrochemical measurements showed that configurational changes induce differential redox behavior. In this regard, the reported quinoline system exhibits different dynamic absorption and electrochemical properties that are modulated by the UV-light induced configurational change. Therefore, 1-E can be regarded as potential photo-electrochemical switch.Se sintetizó un nuevo sistema molecular basado en 2-((2-(4-chlorofenilhidrazona)metil)quinolina. Del mismo modo, se evaluó la respuesta dinámica de este compuesto a radiación ultravioleta y formación de un enlace de hidrógeno intramolecular. Los resultados muestran que este derivado de hidrazona puede actuar como freno en solución. El sistema en mención es descrito estructural (Cristalografía de Rayos X y cálculos DFT) y espectroscópicamente (RMN, UV e IR). La interconversión de este sistema entre las configuraciones 1-E y 1-Z fue mediada por radiación UV y monitoreada a través de RMN-1H. El estudio electroquímico mostró un comportamiento diferencial en función de su configuración, aspecto fundamental en el desarrollo de sistemas foto- y electroquímicamente modulados.Neste trabalho é apresentado um novo sistema molecular baseado na 2-((2-(4-clorofenilhidrazona)metil)quinolina, capaz de responder dinamicamente à radiação ultravioleta formando uma ligação de hidrogénio intramolecular que atua como um freio na solução. Este sistema é descrito estruturalmente (cristalografia de raios-X e DFT) e por diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas (RMN, de UV e de IV). Radiação UV foi usada para fazer a interconversão da hidrazona 1-E no seu isômero configuracional 1-Z. Este processo foi monitorado pelo RMN. As medidas eletroquímicas mostraram que as mudanças configuracionais entre os isômeros induzem a comportamentos redox diferentes, o que é uma caraterística chave no desenvolvimento de interruptores fotoelectroquímicos

New chitosan-imine derivatives: from green chemistry to removal of heavy metals from water

Three novel imine-chitosan derivatives were synthesized by condensation of the amino terminals of chitosan and 4-bromomethyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde A1, 4-formyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid A2, and (E)-6-((2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)picolinaldehyde A3. Noteworthy, is the aqueous synthesis of imine-chitosan compounds using relatively mild conditions (70 °C) in a green chemistry fashion. The new compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A solubility study at different pH values was performed for the three compounds, obtaining very different behaviors when compared to that of the pristine chitosan. Finally, by means of atomic absorption the ability to remove heavy metal ions, such as Pb(II) and Hg(II), was investigated for the imine-chitosan derivatives, which showed a high removal percentage at basic pH (between 8-10) but low removal percentage at pH lower than 5. Additionally, the nature of the substituent determines the solubility of the resulting adducts thus widening the potential applications of chitosan derivatives

Acylhydrazone-based dynamic combinatorial libraries: study of the thermodynamic/kinetic evolution, configurational and coordination dynamics

The kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity of acylhydrazone formation in dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCL) is described. Competition reactions were generated from hydrazides: isoniazid, 4-nitro-benzohydrazide, 4-dimethylamino-benzohydrazide, and nicotinic hydrazide; as well as the aldehyde derivatives: benzaldehyde and 2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde. The obtained species and the distribution of the DCLs were monitored by 1H-NMR spectroscopy finding that those acylhydrazones containing the 4-dimethylamino-benzohydrazide are both the kinetic and thermodynamic product of their respective libraries. Configurational and coordination dynamics for some of these libraries were also investigated. The obtained results allowed the study of the redistribution of components and the amplification of one or more products using light and metal ions as physical and chemical templates, respectively.Se describe la selectividad cinética y termodinámica de la formación de acil-hidrazona en librerías combinatorias dinámicas (DCL). Se generaron reacciones competitivas a partir de hidrazidas: isoniazida, 4-nitro-benzohidrazida, 4-dimetilamino-benzohidrazida y hidrazida nicotínica; así como a partir de los derivados de aldehído: benzaldehído y 2-piridin-carboxaldehido. Las especies obtenidas y la distribución de los DCLs fueron monitoreados mediante espectroscopia 1H-NMR, encontrándose que las acil-hidrazonas que contenían la 4-dimetilamino-benzohidrazida son tanto el producto cinético, como el termodinámico de sus respectivas librerías. También se investigaron las dinámicas de configuración y de coordinación para algunas de estas librerías. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron estudiar la redistribución de los componentes y la amplificación de uno o más productos usando luz e iones metálicos como plantillas físicas y químicas, respectivamente

Acylhydrazone-based dynamic combinatorial libraries: study of the thermodynamic/kinetic evolution, configurational and coordination dynamics

The kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity of acylhydrazone formation in dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCL) is described. Competition reactions were generated from hydrazides: isoniazid, 4-nitro-benzohydrazide, 4-dimethylamino-benzohydrazide, and nicotinic hydrazide; as well as the aldehyde derivatives: benzaldehyde and 2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde. The obtained species and the distribution of the DCLs were monitored by 1H-NMR spectroscopy finding that those acylhydrazones containing the 4-dimethylamino-benzohydrazide are both the kinetic and thermodynamic product of their respective libraries. Configurational and coordination dynamics for some of these libraries were also investigated. The obtained results allowed the study of the redistribution of components and the amplification of one or more products using light and metal ions as physical and chemical templates, respectively.Se describe la selectividad cinética y termodinámica de la formación de acil-hidrazona en librerías combinatorias dinámicas (DCL). Se generaron reacciones competitivas a partir de hidrazidas: isoniazida, 4-nitro-benzohidrazida, 4-dimetilamino-benzohidrazida y hidrazida nicotínica; así como a partir de los derivados de aldehído: benzaldehído y 2-piridin-carboxaldehido. Las especies obtenidas y la distribución de los DCLs fueron monitoreados mediante espectroscopia 1H-NMR, encontrándose que las acil-hidrazonas que contenían la 4-dimetilamino-benzohidrazida son tanto el producto cinético, como el termodinámico de sus respectivas librerías. También se investigaron las dinámicas de configuración y de coordinación para algunas de estas librerías. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron estudiar la redistribución de los componentes y la amplificación de uno o más productos usando luz e iones metálicos como plantillas físicas y químicas, respectivamente

Acylhydrazone-based dynamic combinatorial libraries: study of the thermodynamic/kinetic evolution, configurational and coordination dynamics

The kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity of acylhydrazone formation in dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCL) is described. Competition reactions were generated from hydrazides: isoniazid, 4-nitro-benzohydrazide, 4-dimethylamino-benzohydrazide, and nicotinic hydrazide; as well as the aldehyde derivatives: benzaldehyde and 2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde. The obtained species and the distribution of the DCLs were monitored by 1H-NMR spectroscopy finding that those acylhydrazones containing the 4-dimethylamino-benzohydrazide are both the kinetic and thermodynamic product of their respective libraries. Configurational and coordination dynamics for some of these libraries were also investigated. The obtained results allowed the study of the redistribution of components and the amplification of one or more products using light and metal ions as physical and chemical templates, respectively

Electronic and electrochemical properties of grid-type metal ion complexes (Fe+2 and Co2+) with a pyridine-pyrimidine-pyridine based bis(hydrazone)

The synthesis of new grid-type complexes of Co2+ and Fe2+ based on a highly soluble double hydrazone framework is reported. The data obtained from 1H NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis indicate that the complexes adopted a grid-like structure. Electronic properties of the metallogrids were analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy in chloroform, methanol, and dichloromethane. Additionally, cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry were carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). These compounds exhibited two oxidation processes corresponding to the organic ligand and several reductions events, comprising the ligand and metal centers. Furthermore, the interplay between the metal nature and the ligand framework was also studied in detail. These results represent an advancement in the chemistry of metallogrids not only because of the few reports concerning to the electrochemical properties found in the literature, but also for the design of novel hydrazone ligands of high solubility and easy preparation

A DFT study on Dichloro{(E)-4-dimethylamino-N′-[(pyridin-2 yl)methylidene-κN]benzohydrazide-κO}M2+ (M=Zn, Cu, Ni and Co) complexes: Effect of the metal over association energy and complex geometry

The molecular geometry of (E)-4-dimethylamino-N′-[(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene- N]benzohydrazide (C15H16N4O) complexed with M2+ (M=Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ca and Co) ions were calculated, using density functional theory (B3LYP) with 6-31G(d, p) basis set. Vibrational frequencies were computed in order to verify the absence of imaginary vibrational frequencies, fact that confirms the global minimum in geometry optimization. Molecular geometry parameters (bond lengths and angles) for Cu2+ and Zn2+ complexes were compared with crystallographic data previously reported, showing good correlation. Binding energies for all complexes were computed at B3LYP/6-31G++(d, p) level of theory. These calculations indicate that Cu-L is the lowest favorable complex, Cu2+ corresponds to the smallest cation on the present study. In the other hand, Ca-L, one of the less favorable complex, corresponds to the biggest cation analyzed in the present study. Molecular orbital analysis was carried out showing variations in energy differences between HOMO-LUMO values in function of the metallic ion employed.La geometría molecular de la (E)-4-dimetilamino-N′-[(piridin-2-il)metilideno- N]benzohidrazida (C15H16N4O) acomplejada con iones M2+ (M=Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ca y Co) se calculó usando la teoría funcional de densidad (B3LYP) empleando un conjunto de bases 6-31G(d, p). Las frecuencias vibracionales fueron calculadas con el propósito de comprobar la ausencia de frecuencias vibracionales imaginarias, hecho que confirma el mínimo global en la optimización de la geometría. Los parámetros de la geometría molecular (longitudes de enlace y ángulos) para los complejos de Cu2+ y Zn2+ fueron comparados con datos cristalográficos previamente reportados, mostrando una buena correlación. Las energías de asociación para todos los complejos fueron determinadas a un nivel de teoría B3LYP/6-31G++(d, p) mostrando que el complejo menos favorable es Cu-L, correspondiente al catión más pequeño del estudio. Por otro lado Ca-L, uno de los menos estables, corresponde al catión más grande analizado. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de orbitales moleculares en el cual los complejos exhibieron diferentes valores de diferencia de energía HOMO-LUMO en función del metal empleado

Structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical analysis of a molecular system based on 2-((2-(4-chlorophenylhydrazone)methyl)quinolone

A novel molecular system based on 2-((2-(4-chlorophenylhydrazone)methyl)quinoline (1-E) was synthesized. Interconversion of 1-E to its configurational isomer 1-Z was achieved using UV radiation (250 W Hg lamp). Such isomerization was monitored by 1H-NMR. The results suggest that the hydrazone derivative can act as a chemical brake in solution. This molecular system was structurally (Single Crystal X-Ray diffraction and DFT calculations) and spectroscopically (NMR, UV, and IR) characterized. Electrochemical measurements showed that configurational changes induce differential redox behavior. In this regard, the reported quinoline system exhibits different dynamic absorption and electrochemical properties that are modulated by the UV-light induced configurational change. Therefore, 1-E can be regarded as potential photo-electrochemical switch

Colletotrichum Gloesporioides Inhibition In Situ by Chitosan-Ruta graveolens Essential Oil Coatings: Effect on Microbiological, Physicochemical, and Organoleptic Properties of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) during Room Temperature Storage

Guava is a fruit appreciated worldwide for its high content of bioactive compounds. However, it is considered a highly perishable fruit, generally attacked by pathogenic species such as the fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnosis. To diminish the losses caused by pathogenic fungi, coatings of chitosan (CS) with Ruta graveolens essential oil (RGEO) in different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5% v/v) were applied in situ and their effects on the physical properties and microbiological quality of the guavas were studied. The CS+RGEO coated fruits exhibited better physicochemical behavior and lower microbiological decay as compared to the uncoated guavas, demonstrating the effectiveness of the coatings, especially those with 1.5% of RGEO content. All the fruits coated had greater acceptance and quality than the controls, being more those with essential oil incorporation. In situ investigation of C. gloesporioides infection of guavas demonstrated that the CS+RGEO coated guavas showed a high percentage of inhibition in the development of anthracnose lesions. In the present investigation, an alternative method has been proposed to extend the stability of the guavas fruit up to 12 days with application in the food industry