Relationship between risk factors and family indirect cost of congenital heart surgery.

<p>¹Adjusted for age and annual income;</p><p>²adjusted for RACHS, age, and annual income;</p><p>³adjusted for RACHS, age, and income;</p><p>⁴adjusted for residential status.</p><p>Relationship between risk factors and family indirect cost of congenital heart surgery.</p

Patient Characteristics.

<p>* Details of ICU stay were not available for 24 subjects at baseline.</p><p>^# Details of Ventilation time were not available for 21 subjects at baseline.</p><p>^$ Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery</p><p>Patient Characteristics.</p

Relationship between risk factors and family direct cost of congenital heart surgery.

<p>¹Adjusted for age and annual income;</p><p>²adjusted for RACHS, age, and annual income;</p><p>³adjusted for RACHS, age, and income;</p><p>⁴adjusted for residential status.</p><p>Relationship between risk factors and family direct cost of congenital heart surgery.</p

Alternate sources of finances adopted by families to meet the expenses related to child’s surgery.

<p>Alternate sources of finances adopted by families to meet the expenses related to child’s surgery.</p

Relationship between risk factors and family total cost of congenital heart surgery.

<p>¹Adjusted for age and annual income;</p><p>²adjusted for RACHS, age, and annual income;</p><p>³adjusted for RACHS, age, and income;</p><p>⁴adjusted for residential status.</p><p>Relationship between risk factors and family total cost of congenital heart surgery.</p

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions